摘 要
本文全面概述了新生儿黄疸的相关内容，包括其定义、分类、流行病学特点、发病机制、早期症状及护理策略。新生儿黄疸作为新生儿期常见的临床症状，主要由胆红素生成过多、肝脏处理胆红素能力不足及肠肝循环增加等因素导致。根据流行病学特点，约60%的足月产儿和更高比例的早产儿易受影响。早期症状包括排泄异常、肌张力减退、巩膜黄染及食欲减退等，这些症状对新生儿的健康构成潜在威胁。针对新生儿黄疸的护理策略，本文提出了观察排泄物变化、进行康复训练、增加光照以及采取少量多餐的饮食方式等有效方法。这些策略旨在促进胆红素的排出，改善新生儿的症状，减少并发症的发生，从而保障新生儿的健康成长。本研究为新生儿黄疸的临床护理提供了科学依据和实践指导。
关键词：新生儿黄疸;早期症状;排泄异常
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant contents of neonatal jaundice, including its definition, classification, epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, early symptoms, and nursing care strategies. As a common clinical symptom in the neonatal period, neonatal jaundice is mainly caused by factors such as excessive bilirubin production, insufficient ability to handle bilirubin in the liver, and increased enterohepatic circulation. According to the epidemiological characteristics, about 60% of term births and a higher proportion of preterm infants are susceptible. Early symptoms include abnormal excretion, hypotonia, yellow sclera, and loss of appetite, which pose a potential threat to the health of the newborn. Aiming at the nursing strategy of neonatal jaundice, this paper proposes effective methods such as observing excrement changes, conducting rehabilitation training, increasing light exposure and eating small meals. These strategies aim to promote bilirubin excretion, improve the symptoms and reduce the occurrence of complications, thus guaranteeing the healthy growth of the newborn. This study provides a scientific basis and practical guidance for the clinical care of neonatal jaundice.
Keywords：Neonatal jaundice; early symptoms; abnormal excretion
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 新生儿黄疸相关概述 2
1.1 新生儿黄疸的定义 2
1.2 新生儿黄疸的分类 2
1.3 新生儿黄疸的流行病学特点 3
第二章 新生儿黄疸的发病机制 5
2.1 胆红素生成过多 5
2.2 肝脏处理胆红素能力不足 5
2.3 肠肝循环增加 6
第三章 新生儿黄疸的早期症状 7
3.1 排泄异常 7
3.2 肌张力减退 7
3.3 巩膜黄染 8
3.4 食欲减退 8
第四章 新生儿黄疸的护理策略 10
4.1 观察排泄物变化 10
4.2 康复训练 11
4.3 增加光照 11
4.4 少量多餐 12
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
