摘 要
本文旨在探讨儿童白血病患者化疗期间的护理难点与对策。首先概述了儿童白血病的定义、常见类型（包括急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性非淋巴细胞白血病）及其发病机制。随后，强调了护理在儿童白血病患者化疗期间的重要性，包括保障化疗顺利进行、缓解化疗副作用及预防并发症等方面。文章进一步分析了化疗期间儿童白血病患者面临的护理难点，如胃肠道反应、肝肾功能损害、血细胞减少以及护理任务繁重等。针对这些难点，提出了相应的护理对策，包括减轻胃肠道负担、定期监测肝肾功能指标、及时输血治疗以及优化工作流程等。通过这些对策的实施，旨在提高儿童白血病患者化疗期间的护理质量，减轻患者痛苦，预防并减少并发症的发生，从而保障化疗效果，促进患者的康复进程。本研究对于指导儿童白血病患者化疗期间的护理工作具有重要的实践意义。
关键词：儿童白血病;化疗;护理难点
Abstract
This paper aims to explore the nursing difficulties and countermeasures of childhood leukemia patients during chemotherapy. First, the definition of childhood leukemia, the common types of childhood leukemia (including acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia), and its pathogenesis are summarized. Subsequently, the importance of nursing during chemotherapy for childhood leukemia patients was emphasized, including ensuring the smooth progress of chemotherapy, alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy and prevention of complications. This paper further analyzes the nursing difficulties faced by childhood leukemia patients during chemotherapy, such as gastrointestinal reaction, liver and kidney function damage, blood cell reduction and heavy nursing tasks. In view of these difficulties, the corresponding nursing countermeasures were put forward, including reducing the burden of gastrointestinal tract, regular monitoring of liver and kidney function indicators, timely blood transfusion treatment and optimizing the work process. Through the implementation of these countermeasures, it aims to improve the quality of care of childhood leukemia patients during chemotherapy, reduce the pain of patients, prevent and reduce the occurrence of complications, so as to ensure the effect of chemotherapy and promote the rehabilitation process of patients. This study has important practical implications for guiding the nursing care of childhood leukemia patients during chemotherapy.
Keywords：Childhood leukaemia; chemotherapy; nursing difficulties
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 儿童白血病相关概述 2
1.1 白血病的定义 2
1.2 白血病的常见类型 2
1.2.1 急性淋巴细胞白血病 2
1.2.2 急性非淋巴细胞白血病 3
1.3 白血病的发病机制 3
第二章 护理在儿童白血病患者化疗期间的重要性 5
2.1 保障化疗顺利进行 5
2.2 缓解化疗副作用 5
2.3 预防并发症 6
第三章 儿童白血病患者化疗期间的护理难点 7
3.1 胃肠道反应 7
3.2 肝肾功能损害 7
3.3 血细胞减少 8
3.4 护理任务繁重 8
第四章 儿童白血病患者化疗期间的护理对策 9
4.1 减轻胃肠道负担 9
4.2 定期监测肝肾功能指标 9
4.3 输血治疗 10
4.4 优化工作流程 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
