本文探讨了法律证据收集与运用中的难题及其法治化对策。随着数字时代的到来，法律证据的形式和收集方式发生了显著变化，带来了诸多挑战。首先，数字证据的收集和保存面临技术门槛高、数据完整性和可信度难以保障的问题。其次，证据链的完整性和可靠性难以确保，证据来源的真实性和证据链的连贯性受到挑战。此外，跨境证据获取和运用因不同国家法律和司法系统的差异而面临法律障碍，而司法合作机制的不完善也进一步加剧了这一难题。最后，法律规定与实际情况不符，尤其是与现实技术发展的脱节，以及法律程序的繁琐和不灵活，导致证据运用困难。为应对这些挑战，本文提出了法治化对策。一是加强数字证据收集和保存的法律规范，明确数据获取程序和标准，规范数据存储和保全要求。二是健全证据链完整性法律保障措施，强化证据来源真实性验证机制，建立证据链完整性验证标准。三是完善跨境证据获取法律合作机制，推动国际法律合作协议签订，强化跨境证据调取程序规定。四是调整法律规定以适应数字证据运用，更新法律法规以符合科技发展，简化证据运用程序以提高效率。本文的研究旨在为法律证据收集与运用的实践提供理论指导和法律支持，推动法治化进程，确保司法公正和效率。
关键词：数字证据；证据链；跨境证据；法治化对策；司法合作
Abstract
This article explores the difficulties in the collection and application of legal evidence and their legal countermeasures. With the advent of the digital age, the form and collection methods of legal evidence have undergone significant changes, bringing many challenges. Firstly, the collection and preservation of digital evidence face challenges such as high technical barriers and difficulty in ensuring data integrity and credibility. Secondly, the integrity and reliability of the evidence chain are difficult to ensure, and the authenticity of the evidence sources and the coherence of the evidence chain are challenged. In addition, cross-border evidence acquisition and application face legal barriers due to differences in laws and judicial systems in different countries, and the imperfect judicial cooperation mechanisms further exacerbate this challenge. Finally, the legal provisions do not match the actual situation, especially the disconnection with the development of real technology, as well as the cumbersome and inflexible legal procedures, which lead to difficulties in using evidence. To address these challenges, this article proposes legal measures. One is to strengthen the legal norms for the collection and preservation of digital evidence, clarify data acquisition procedures and standards, and standardize data storage and preservation requirements. The second is to improve the legal protection measures for the integrity of the evidence chain, strengthen the mechanism for verifying the authenticity of evidence sources, and establish standards for verifying the integrity of the evidence chain. The third is to improve the legal cooperation mechanism for cross-border evidence retrieval, promote the signing of international legal cooperation agreements, and strengthen the provisions for cross-border evidence retrieval procedures. The fourth is to adjust legal provisions to adapt to the use of digital evidence, update laws and regulations to comply with technological development, simplify evidence application procedures to improve efficiency. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical guidance and legal support for the practice of collecting and applying legal evidence, promote the process of rule of law, and ensure judicial fairness and efficiency.
Keywords: Digital evidence; Evidence chain; Cross border evidence; Rule of law measures; judicial cooperation
目录
1.1 研究背景和意义 4
1.2 研究目的和方法 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
二、相关理论概述 5
2.1 法律证据的定义和分类 5
2.2 法律证据在司法实践中的作用与价值 5
2.3 法治化在法律证据收集中的重要性 6
三、法律证据收集和运用中的难题 6
3.1 数字证据的收集和保存困难 6
3.1.1 数据获取的技术门槛较高 6
3.1.2 数据的完整性和可信度难以保障 7
3.2 证据链的完整性和可靠性难以确保 7
3.2.1 证据来源的真实性难以辨别 7
3.2.2 证据链的完整和连贯性受到挑战 8
3.3 跨境证据获取和运用的法律障碍 8
3.3.1 不同国家法律和司法系统的差异导致困难 8
3.3.2 各国司法合作机制不完善影响证据获取 9
3.4 法律规定与实际情况不符导致证据运用困难 9
3.4.1 法律规定与现实技术发展脱节 9
3.4.2 法律程序繁琐和不灵活使证据运用困难 10
四、法律证据收集和运用中难题的法治化对策 10
4.1 加强数字证据收集和保存法律规范 10
4.1.1 明确数据获取程序和标准 10
4.1.2 规范数据存储和保全要求 11
4.2 健全证据链完整性法律保障措施 11
4.2.1 强化证据来源真实性验证机制 11
4.2.2 建立证据链完整性验证标准 12
4.3 完善跨境证据获取法律合作机制 12
4.3.1 推动国际法律合作协议签订 12
4.3.2 强化跨境证据调取程序规定 13
4.4 调整法律规定以适应数字证据运用 13
4.4.1 更新法律法规以符合科技发展 13
4.4.2 简化证据运用程序以提高效率 13
五、结论 14
参考文献 15
