农业气象对农田作物生长的影响研究

摘要：本文旨在探讨农业气象在农田作物生长研究中的应用与发展。首先概述了农业气象的定义、研究内容以及观测和数据采集方法。然后详细介绍了农田作物生长过程的基本原理、影响因素、生长期和生理特点。之后分析了农业气象对作物生长的影响机制，包括温度、光照、降水、大气湿度和风速等因素的影响。接着讨论了农业气象在作物栽培、种植方案制定、灌溉施肥管理、病虫害防治以及产量和品质预测等方面的应用。进一步探讨了当前农业气象研究面临的问题和挑战，包括数据不足和质量问题、多变性和不确定性、数据处理和模型建立的复杂性。最后提出了发展对策，包括建立作物模型和决策支持系统、融合遥感技术和无人机监测、推动气象与农业科技的融合应用。本文的研究结果对于农业气象研究的进一步发展和农田作物生长管理的优化具有重要意义。

关键词：农业气象，农田作物生长，影响机制，应用，发展对策

Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application and development of agrometeorology in the study of crop growth. Firstly, the definition, research contents, observation and data collection methods of agrometeorology are summarized. Then the basic principle, influencing factors, growth period and physiological characteristics of crop growth process were introduced in detail. Then, the influence mechanism of agrometeorology on crop growth was analyzed, including temperature, light, precipitation, atmospheric humidity and wind speed. Then the application of agrometeorology in crop cultivation, planting plan formulation, irrigation and fertilization management, pest control and yield and quality prediction were discussed. The problems and challenges faced by current agrometeorological research are further discussed, including data deficiency and quality problems, variability and uncertainty, complexity of data processing and model building. Finally, the development countermeasures are put forward, including the establishment of crop model and decision support system, the integration of remote sensing technology and UAV monitoring, and the integration of meteorological and agricultural science and technology. The results of this study are of great significance for the further development of agrometeorological research and the optimization of crop growth management.

Key words：Agrometeorology, field crop growth, influencing mechanism, application, development strategy