高填方路基的沉陷与防治措施研究

摘要

随着现代交通事业的迅猛发展，公路建设作为国家基础设施建设的重中之重，承载着连接城乡、促进经济发展的重要使命。在公路建设中，高填方路基作为常见的施工形式，因其能够有效解决地形起伏大、地质条件复杂等施工难题而广泛应用。本研究主要围绕高填方路基的沉陷问题展开，深入分析了高填方路基的工程特性、沉陷类型以及沉陷的多种原因。通过对工程地质与地形因素、水文与气候因素、设计因素和施工因素的综合分析，揭示了高填方路基沉陷的机理。在此基础上，提出了高填方路基沉陷的监测与预警方法，包括设置沉降监测点、利用静力水准仪、定期全站仪观测以及数据实时处理预警等技术手段。最后，针对高填方路基沉陷问题，提出了一系列防治措施，如合理安排施工顺序、加强基底压实、严格分层填筑、控制厚度压实以及特殊地基用硬质石料嵌缝压实等，旨在提高高填方路基的稳定性和安全性。本研究为高填方路基的设计、施工和养护提供了科学依据和技术支持，有助于减少或避免沉陷事故的发生，保障公路交通的顺畅与安全。

关键词：高填方路基；沉陷机理；工程特性；监测与预警

Abstract

With the rapid development of modern transportation, highway construction, as a top priority of national infrastructure construction, carries the important mission of connecting urban and rural areas and promoting economic development. In highway construction, high fill roadbed, as a common construction form, is widely used due to its ability to effectively solve construction problems such as large terrain undulations and complex geological conditions. This study mainly focuses on the settlement problem of high fill subgrade, and deeply analyzes the engineering characteristics, settlement types, and various causes of settlement of high fill subgrade. Through a comprehensive analysis of engineering geological and topographical factors, hydrological and climatic factors, design factors, and construction factors, the mechanism of high fill roadbed settlement has been revealed. On this basis, a monitoring and early warning method for settlement of high fill subgrade was proposed, including setting settlement monitoring points, using static level, regular total station observation, and real-time data processing and early warning technology. Finally, a series of prevention and control measures have been proposed for the settlement problem of high fill subgrade, such as reasonable arrangement of construction sequence, strengthening of base compaction, strict layered filling, control of thickness compaction, and compaction of special foundation with hard stone materials, aiming to improve the stability and safety of high fill subgrade. This study provides scientific basis and technical support for the design, construction, and maintenance of high fill embankments, which helps to reduce or avoid settlement accidents and ensure the smooth and safe traffic of highways.

Keywords: High fill roadbed; Settlement mechanism; Engineering characteristics; Monitoring and early warning

目录

一、绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究目的及内容 2
二、高填方路基沉陷机理分析 3
2.1 高填方路基的工程特性 3
2.1.1 填筑高度大，工程量大 3
2.1.2 技术要求高，控制难度大 3
2.1.3 稳定性要求高，需专门分析验证 3
2.1.4 沉降量大，需严格控制 4
2.2 沉陷的类型 4
2.2.1 整体沉降型 4
2.2.2 局部沉降型 4
2.2.3 不均匀沉降型 4
2.2.4 滑动型沉陷 5
2.2.5 塌陷型沉陷 5
三、高填方路基沉陷原因分析 5
3.1 工程地质与地形因素 5
3.2 水文与气候因素 6
3.3 设计因素 6
3.4 施工因素 7
四、高填方路基沉陷监测与预警 7
4.1 设置沉降监测点 7
4.2 利用静力水准仪 8
4.3 定期全站仪观测 8
4.4 数据实时处理预警 9
五、高填方路基沉陷防治措施 10
5.1 合理安排施工顺序，早开工 10
5.2 加强基底压实，做挖台阶处理 10
5.3 严格分层填筑，控制厚度压实 11
5.4 特殊地基用硬质石料，嵌缝压实 11
六、结论 12
参考文献 13
 

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