摘 要
无线传感网络是由一系列分散的传感器节点组成的网络，这些节点通过无线通信技术相互连接，能够实时监测和采集环境数据。在环境监测中，无线传感网络可以实现实时监测与数据采集，提供全面的环境参数信息。其扩展性与自适应性使得网络能够轻松覆盖广泛区域，并适应各种复杂环境。低功耗设计确保了网络的长寿命运行，减少了维护成本。数据融合与智能分析技术则进一步提高了数据的利用价值，为环境管理和决策提供有力支持。无线传感网络在环境监测应用中也面临一系列挑战。能源限制是其中之一，如何有效管理和利用能源成为关键问题。通信可靠性不足可能导致数据传输中断或失真，影响监测效果。数据安全问题也不容忽视，需要采取加密和访问控制等措施保护数据安全。此外，随着数据量的增长，数据分析速度较慢也成为了一个挑战。为应对这些挑战，可以采用能量回收技术、使用抗干扰算法、数据加密和优化数据压缩算法等策略。这些策略旨在提高无线传感网络的能源利用效率、通信可靠性、数据安全性以及数据处理速度，从而推动无线传感网络在环境监测领域的广泛应用和发展。
关键词：无线传感网络；环境监测；应用研究
Abstract
A wireless sensor network is a network composed of a series of scattered sensor nodes that are connected to each other through wireless communication technology to monitor and collect environmental data in real time. In environmental monitoring, the wireless sensor network can realize real-time monitoring and data collection to provide comprehensive environmental parameter information. Its scalability and adaptability allow the network to easily cover wide areas and adapt to a variety of complex environments. The low power design ensures the long life of the network and reduces maintenance costs. Data fusion and intelligent analysis technology further improves the utilization value of data and provides strong support for environmental management and decision-making. Wireless sensor networks also face a series of challenges in environmental monitoring applications. Energy restriction is one of them, and how to effectively manage and use energy has become a key issue. Insufficient communication reliability may lead to the interruption or distortion of data transmission, affecting the monitoring effect. Data security issues can not be ignored, encryption and access control measures to protect data security. In addition, as the amount of data increases, the slower speed of data analysis also becomes a challenge. To address these challenges, strategies such as energy recovery technologies, using anti-jamming algorithms, data encryption, and optimized data compression algorithms can be used. These strategies aim to improve the energy utilization efficiency, communication reliability, data security and data processing speed of wireless sensor networks, thus promoting the wide application and development of wireless sensor networks in the field of environmental monitoring.
Keywords：Wireless sensor network; Environmental monitoring; Application research
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 无线传感网络概述 2
1.1 无线传感网络的定义 2
1.2 无线传感网络的组成元素 2
1.3 无线传感网络的特点 3
1.3.1 硬件资源有限 3
1.3.2 自组织和动态拓扑 3
1.3.3 多跳路由和结点数量众多 4
第二章 无线传感网络在环境监测中的应用 5
2.1 实时监测与数据采集 5
2.2 扩展性与自适应性 5
2.3 低功耗与长寿命 6
2.4 数据融合与智能分析 6
第三章 无线传感网络在环境监测应用中面临的挑战 7
3.1 能源限制 7
3.2 通信可靠性不足 7
3.3 数据安全问题 7
3.4 数据分析较慢 8
第四章 无线传感网络在环境监测应用中的应对策略 9
4.1 能量回收 9
4.2 使用抗干扰算法 9
4.3 数据加密 10
4.4 优化数据压缩算法 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
