农业无人机在农作物病虫害防治中的应用研究
农业无人机作为现代农业技术的重要组成部分，在农作物病虫害防治中发挥着日益显著的作用。农业无人机主要由机身、动力系统、控制系统、传感器和喷洒系统等组成，通过遥控或自主飞行模式，实现农田作业的高效、精准和安全。技术特点上，农业无人机展现了高效性与灵活性，能够在短时间内完成大面积农田的病虫害监测和防治任务；同时，其安全性与低能耗特性减少了操作人员与农药的直接接触，降低了作业成本。此外，农业无人机的精准性与智能化水平不断提高，通过搭载各种传感器和设备，实现了对农田信息的精准采集和智能决策。在农作物病虫害防治中，农业无人机能够实现病虫害监测的高效性、精准施药的实现以及环境感知与预警等功能，有效提高了作业效率和防治效果。然而，也面临着专用药物和助剂的需求、技术操作与人才缺乏、成本与普及难度以及农药漂移风险等挑战。为应对这些挑战，应推广专用药物和助剂，加强操作人员的培训和教育，提供财政补贴或优惠政策，以及使用抗漂移的农药和助剂等措施。通过这些策略的实施，将进一步推动农业无人机在农作物病虫害防治中的广泛应用和健康发展。
关键词：农业无人机；农作物；病虫害防治
Agricultural drones, as an important component of modern agricultural technology, play an increasingly significant role in the prevention and control of crop diseases and pests. Agricultural drones are mainly composed of the fuselage, power system, control system, sensors, and spraying system. Through remote control or autonomous flight mode, they achieve efficient, accurate, and safe agricultural operations. In terms of technical characteristics, agricultural drones demonstrate efficiency and flexibility, and can complete large-scale pest and disease monitoring and control tasks in a short period of time; At the same time, its safety and low energy consumption characteristics reduce direct contact between operators and pesticides, and lower operating costs. In addition, the precision and intelligence level of agricultural drones continue to improve, and through the installation of various sensors and devices, precise collection and intelligent decision-making of agricultural information have been achieved. In the prevention and control of crop pests and diseases, agricultural drones can achieve efficient monitoring of pests and diseases, precise pesticide application, and environmental perception and warning functions, effectively improving operational efficiency and control effectiveness. However, it also faces challenges such as the demand for specialized drugs and adjuvants, lack of technical operation and talent, cost and difficulty in popularization, and the risk of pesticide drift. To address these challenges, specialized drugs and adjuvants should be promoted, training and education for operators should be strengthened, financial subsidies or preferential policies should be provided, and measures such as using drift resistant pesticides and adjuvants should be taken. The implementation of these strategies will further promote the widespread application and healthy development of agricultural drones in crop disease and pest control.
Keywords: Agricultural drones; Crops; Prevention and control of pests and diseases
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的及内容 1
1.3 国内外研究现状 2
第2章 农业无人机技术概述 3
2.1 农业无人机的基本组成 3
2.2 农业无人机的工作原理 3
2.3 农业无人机的技术特点 4
2.3.1 高效性与灵活性 4
2.3.2 安全性与低能耗 4
2.3.3 精准性与智能化 4
第3章 农业无人机在农作物病虫害防治中的应用 6
3.1 病虫害监测的高效性 6
3.2 精准施药的实现 6
3.3 环境感知与预警 6
3.4 作业效率与成本节约 7
第4章 农业无人机在农作物病虫害防治中面临的挑战 8
4.1 专用药物和助剂的需求 8
4.2 技术操作与人才缺乏 8
4.3 成本与普及难度 8
4.4 农药漂移风险 9
第5章 农业无人机在农作物病虫害防治中的应对策略 10
5.1 推广专用药物和助剂 10
5.2 加强操作人员的培训和教育 10
5.3 提供财政补贴或优惠政策 11
5.4 使用抗漂移的农药和助剂 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
