环境保护公益诉讼制度的完善与发展 -法学专业

摘要

随着环境问题的日益严峻，环境保护公益诉讼作为一种重要的法律手段，其在维护公众环境权益、推动生态文明建设中的作用日益凸显。本研究围绕环境保护公益诉讼制度的理论基础、现状分析、存在问题及完善路径等方面展开，旨在探讨如何通过法律手段更有效地保护环境公共利益。本研究首先界定了公益诉讼制度的定义，追溯了环境保护公益诉讼制度的起源与发展，并分析了其法律基础和伦理基础，包括环境正义与公平、环境权利与责任以及可持续发展与代际公平等理论。通过实证分析，本研究指出现行环境保护公益诉讼在实施过程中遭遇的诉讼主体资格限制、证据收集难度大、司法审理效率与公正性问题以及判决执行与后续监督的问题。针对这些问题，本研究提出了扩大诉讼主体范围、降低证据提交门槛、提升司法专业性和审理效率、强化判决执行与建立长效机制等完善路径。本研究最后预测了环境保护公益诉讼制度的发展趋势，包括立法与政策支持的加强、诉讼主体的多元化、司法专业化和技术应用的提升以及国际合作与交流的加深等方面。本研究认为，只有不断完善和发展环境保护公益诉讼制度，才能更好地保障环境公共利益，实现人与自然和谐共生。

关键词：环境保护；公益诉讼制度；审理；诉讼

Abstract

With the increasingly severe environmental problems, environmental protection public interest litigation, as an important legal means, plays an increasingly prominent role in safeguarding public environmental rights and promoting ecological civilization construction. This study focuses on the theoretical basis, current situation analysis, existing problems, and improvement paths of the environmental protection public interest litigation system, aiming to explore how to more effectively protect the environmental public interest through legal means. This study first defines the public interest litigation system, traces the origin and development of the environmental protection public interest litigation system, and analyzes its legal and ethical foundations, including theories of environmental justice and fairness, environmental rights and responsibilities, and sustainable development and intergenerational fairness. Through empirical analysis, this study points out the problems encountered in the implementation of environmental protection public interest litigation, such as the limitation of litigation subject qualifications, difficulty in evidence collection, efficiency and impartiality of judicial proceedings, as well as issues related to judgment execution and subsequent supervision. In response to these issues, this study proposes improvement paths such as expanding the scope of litigation subjects, reducing the threshold for evidence submission, improving judicial professionalism and trial efficiency, strengthening judgment enforcement, and establishing long-term mechanisms. This study ultimately predicts the development trend of the environmental protection public interest litigation system, including the strengthening of legislation and policy support, diversification of litigation subjects, improvement of judicial specialization and technological application, and deepening of international cooperation and exchange. This study believes that only by continuously improving and developing the environmental protection public interest litigation system can we better protect the public interest of the environment and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

Keywords: environmental protection; Public interest litigation system; Trial; litigation

一、绪论

1.1 研究背景与意义

1.2 国内外研究现状

1.3 研究目的

二、环境保护公益诉讼制度概述

2.1 公益诉讼制度的定义

2.2 环境保护公益诉讼制度的起源与发展

三、环境保护公益诉讼制度的理论基础

3.1 环境保护公益诉讼制度的法律基础

3.1.1 环境公益诉讼的立法依据

3.1.2 环境公益诉讼的主体资格