摘要
本文旨在探讨代孕的概念、特征、类型及其法律规制中的伦理道德考量，并针对我国代孕法律规制存在的问题提出完善建议。首先，界定了代孕的概念，并区分了代孕与借腹生子、试管婴儿的区别。接着，分析了代孕的特征，包括其作为委托合同的本质、以代孕母亲为委托方分娩代孕子女的目的，以及借助人类辅助生殖技术实现的行为。此外，对代孕的类型进行了详细分类，包括完全代孕和部分代孕、商业性代孕和非商业性代孕、亲属代孕和非亲属代孕。在法律规制方面，本文深入探讨了代孕中的伦理道德问题，如代孕母亲的权益保障、代孕子女的身份认同等，并分析了伦理道德对法律规制的影响。针对我国代孕法律规制存在的问题，如法律空白和不明确、监管力度不足、伦理道德争议、权益保障缺失等，本文提出了相应的完善建议，包括明确法律界定和规范、加强监管和执法、促进伦理道德讨论以及完善权益保护措施。通过本文的研究，期望为我国代孕法律规制的完善提供理论支持和实践指导。
This article aims to explore the concept, characteristics, types, and ethical considerations in legal regulations of surrogacy, and provide suggestions for improving the legal regulations of surrogacy in China. Firstly, the concept of surrogacy was defined, and the differences between surrogacy and in vitro fertilization were distinguished. Next, the characteristics of surrogacy were analyzed, including its essence as a commission contract, the purpose of using surrogate mothers as the commissioning party to deliver surrogate children, and the behavior achieved through human assisted reproductive technology. In addition, a detailed classification has been made for the types of surrogacy, including complete and partial surrogacy, commercial and non commercial surrogacy, kinship surrogacy and non kinship surrogacy. In terms of legal regulation, this article delves into ethical and moral issues in surrogacy, such as the protection of the rights of surrogate mothers and the identity recognition of surrogate children, and analyzes the impact of ethics and morality on legal regulation. In response to the problems existing in the legal regulation of surrogacy in China, such as legal gaps and uncertainties, insufficient regulatory efforts, ethical and moral disputes, and lack of rights protection, this article proposes corresponding improvement suggestions, including clarifying legal definitions and norms, strengthening supervision and law enforcement, promoting ethical and moral discussions, and improving rights protection measures. Through this study, it is expected to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the improvement of surrogacy legal regulations in China.
Keywords: Surrogacy; Legal regulation; Ethics and morality
目录
一、绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究目的及内容 2
二、代孕的概念分析 3
2.1 代孕的界定 3
2.1.1 代孕的概念 3
2.1.2 代孕与借腹生子的区别 3
2.1.3 代孕与试管婴儿的区别 4
2.2 代孕的特征 5
2.2.1 行为本质是以提供代孕服务为内容的委托合同 5
2.2.2 行为目的在于代孕母亲为委托方分娩代孕子女 5
2.2.3 代孕行为是借助人类辅助生殖技术实现的行为 6
2.3 代孕的类型 6
2.3.1 完全代孕和部分代孕 6
2.3.2 商业性代孕和非商业性代孕 7
2.3.3 亲属代孕和非亲属代孕 7
三、代孕法律规制的伦理道德考量 8
3.1 代孕中的伦理道德问题 8
3.2 伦理道德对法律规制的影响 8
3.3 如何在法律规制中体现伦理道德原则 9
四、我国代孕法律规制存在的问题 10
4.1 法律空白和不明确 10
4.2 监管力度不足 10
4.3 伦理道德争议 11
4.4 权益保障缺失 11
五、完善我国代孕法律规制的建议 12
5.1 明确法律界定和规范 12
5.2 加强监管和执法 12
5.3 促进伦理道德讨论 13
5.4 完善权益保护措施 13
六、结论 14
参考文献 16
本文旨在探讨代孕的概念、特征、类型及其法律规制中的伦理道德考量，并针对我国代孕法律规制存在的问题提出完善建议。首先，界定了代孕的概念，并区分了代孕与借腹生子、试管婴儿的区别。接着，分析了代孕的特征，包括其作为委托合同的本质、以代孕母亲为委托方分娩代孕子女的目的，以及借助人类辅助生殖技术实现的行为。此外，对代孕的类型进行了详细分类，包括完全代孕和部分代孕、商业性代孕和非商业性代孕、亲属代孕和非亲属代孕。在法律规制方面，本文深入探讨了代孕中的伦理道德问题，如代孕母亲的权益保障、代孕子女的身份认同等，并分析了伦理道德对法律规制的影响。针对我国代孕法律规制存在的问题，如法律空白和不明确、监管力度不足、伦理道德争议、权益保障缺失等，本文提出了相应的完善建议，包括明确法律界定和规范、加强监管和执法、促进伦理道德讨论以及完善权益保护措施。通过本文的研究，期望为我国代孕法律规制的完善提供理论支持和实践指导。
关键词：代孕；法律规制；伦理道德
This article aims to explore the concept, characteristics, types, and ethical considerations in legal regulations of surrogacy, and provide suggestions for improving the legal regulations of surrogacy in China. Firstly, the concept of surrogacy was defined, and the differences between surrogacy and in vitro fertilization were distinguished. Next, the characteristics of surrogacy were analyzed, including its essence as a commission contract, the purpose of using surrogate mothers as the commissioning party to deliver surrogate children, and the behavior achieved through human assisted reproductive technology. In addition, a detailed classification has been made for the types of surrogacy, including complete and partial surrogacy, commercial and non commercial surrogacy, kinship surrogacy and non kinship surrogacy. In terms of legal regulation, this article delves into ethical and moral issues in surrogacy, such as the protection of the rights of surrogate mothers and the identity recognition of surrogate children, and analyzes the impact of ethics and morality on legal regulation. In response to the problems existing in the legal regulation of surrogacy in China, such as legal gaps and uncertainties, insufficient regulatory efforts, ethical and moral disputes, and lack of rights protection, this article proposes corresponding improvement suggestions, including clarifying legal definitions and norms, strengthening supervision and law enforcement, promoting ethical and moral discussions, and improving rights protection measures. Through this study, it is expected to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the improvement of surrogacy legal regulations in China.
Keywords: Surrogacy; Legal regulation; Ethics and morality
目录
一、绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究目的及内容 2
二、代孕的概念分析 3
2.1 代孕的界定 3
2.1.1 代孕的概念 3
2.1.2 代孕与借腹生子的区别 3
2.1.3 代孕与试管婴儿的区别 4
2.2 代孕的特征 5
2.2.1 行为本质是以提供代孕服务为内容的委托合同 5
2.2.2 行为目的在于代孕母亲为委托方分娩代孕子女 5
2.2.3 代孕行为是借助人类辅助生殖技术实现的行为 6
2.3 代孕的类型 6
2.3.1 完全代孕和部分代孕 6
2.3.2 商业性代孕和非商业性代孕 7
2.3.3 亲属代孕和非亲属代孕 7
三、代孕法律规制的伦理道德考量 8
3.1 代孕中的伦理道德问题 8
3.2 伦理道德对法律规制的影响 8
3.3 如何在法律规制中体现伦理道德原则 9
四、我国代孕法律规制存在的问题 10
4.1 法律空白和不明确 10
4.2 监管力度不足 10
4.3 伦理道德争议 11
4.4 权益保障缺失 11
五、完善我国代孕法律规制的建议 12
5.1 明确法律界定和规范 12
5.2 加强监管和执法 12
5.3 促进伦理道德讨论 13
5.4 完善权益保护措施 13
六、结论 14
参考文献 16
