无人驾驶汽车的侵权责任规则评析
摘 要
随着人工智能和无线感知等关键技术的突破，自动驾驶已经进入了一个新的时代。与常规车辆相比，无人驾驶车辆最大的优点就是它具有更高的安全性能，可以最大程度地规避道路上的意外。但是，实际生活中，由于无人驾驶车辆而导致的伤亡事件层出不穷，因此，该怎样对其侵权责任进行合理的分配，这是一个难题。一方面，随着自动驾驶技术的发展，人们对自动驾驶技术的认识逐渐淡出人们的视野，现有的以人为的驾驶技术和过失为中心构建的汽车道路交通事故的民事责任制度已经失去了应用的余地。另外，由于有了 AI技术的支持，自动驾驶车辆具有很强的智能化，与常规的商品不同，现有的商品责任规定也存在着应用上的困难。在这种情况下，笔者就如何解决这一问题展开论述。对无人机的法律定位进行了剖析，区分无人机究竟属于法律主体，还是属于法律对象，如何把握无人机的法律对象的性质，从而为无人机的侵权行为提供了理论依据。接着，文章就无人驾驶中使用人和供应商两个方面的法律问题，对这两个方面的法律问题进行了讨论。使用方的责任问题也就是，在使用人，出售者两个方面，如果在使用人，出售者两个方面，出现了什么情况，他们应当负什么责任？
关键词：无人驾驶汽车;法律地位;用方责任；供方责任
An Analysis of the Tort Liability Rules for Unmanned Vehicles
Abstract
With the breakthroughs in key technologies such as artificial intelligence and wireless sensing, autonomous driving has entered a new era. Compared to conventional vehicles, the biggest advantage of driverless vehicles is that they have higher safety performance and can minimize accidents on the road. However, in real life, there are endless casualties caused by driverless vehicles. Therefore, how to reasonably allocate their tort liability is a difficult problem. On the one hand, with the development of autonomous driving technology, people's understanding of autonomous driving technology gradually fades out of people's vision, and the existing civil liability system for automobile road traffic accidents built around human driving technology and negligence has lost its scope for application. In addition, with the support of AI technology, autonomous vehicles have strong intelligence. Unlike conventional goods, the existing commodity liability regulations also have difficulties in application. In this case, the author discusses how to solve this problem. This paper analyzes the legal positioning of drones, distinguishes whether drones belong to legal subjects or legal ob jects, and how to grasp the nature of the legal ob jects of drones, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the infringement of drones. Then, the article discusses the legal issues related to both the user and the supplier in unmanned driving. The question of user responsibility is, what happens to both the user and seller, and if there are any problems with both the user and seller, what responsibilities should they bear?
Key Words：Unmanned vehicles; Legal status; The responsibility of the user; Supplier Responsibility
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
一、无人驾驶汽车的相关理论概述 2
（一）无人驾驶汽车的概念 2
（二）无人驾驶汽车的特性 2
二、无人驾驶汽车法律地位的争议与重要性 4
（一）无人驾驶汽车法律地位的争议 4
（二）无人驾驶汽车法律地位的重要性 4
三、无人驾驶汽车用方的侵权责任规则评析 6
（一）机动车交通事故责任说评析 6
（二）机动车交通事故保有人责任说评析 6
（三）高度危险责任说评析 7
（四）一般责任说评析 7
（五）用方无须担责说评析 7
四、无人驾驶汽车供方的侵权责任规则评析 9
（一）产品责任说评析 9
（二）一般侵责任说评析 9
（三）机动车交通事故保有人责任说评析 9
（四）高度危险责任说评析 10
（五）电梯侵权责任说及其评析 10
结 论 11
摘 要
随着人工智能和无线感知等关键技术的突破，自动驾驶已经进入了一个新的时代。与常规车辆相比，无人驾驶车辆最大的优点就是它具有更高的安全性能，可以最大程度地规避道路上的意外。但是，实际生活中，由于无人驾驶车辆而导致的伤亡事件层出不穷，因此，该怎样对其侵权责任进行合理的分配，这是一个难题。一方面，随着自动驾驶技术的发展，人们对自动驾驶技术的认识逐渐淡出人们的视野，现有的以人为的驾驶技术和过失为中心构建的汽车道路交通事故的民事责任制度已经失去了应用的余地。另外，由于有了 AI技术的支持，自动驾驶车辆具有很强的智能化，与常规的商品不同，现有的商品责任规定也存在着应用上的困难。在这种情况下，笔者就如何解决这一问题展开论述。对无人机的法律定位进行了剖析，区分无人机究竟属于法律主体，还是属于法律对象，如何把握无人机的法律对象的性质，从而为无人机的侵权行为提供了理论依据。接着，文章就无人驾驶中使用人和供应商两个方面的法律问题，对这两个方面的法律问题进行了讨论。使用方的责任问题也就是，在使用人，出售者两个方面，如果在使用人，出售者两个方面，出现了什么情况，他们应当负什么责任？
关键词：无人驾驶汽车;法律地位;用方责任；供方责任
An Analysis of the Tort Liability Rules for Unmanned Vehicles
Abstract
With the breakthroughs in key technologies such as artificial intelligence and wireless sensing, autonomous driving has entered a new era. Compared to conventional vehicles, the biggest advantage of driverless vehicles is that they have higher safety performance and can minimize accidents on the road. However, in real life, there are endless casualties caused by driverless vehicles. Therefore, how to reasonably allocate their tort liability is a difficult problem. On the one hand, with the development of autonomous driving technology, people's understanding of autonomous driving technology gradually fades out of people's vision, and the existing civil liability system for automobile road traffic accidents built around human driving technology and negligence has lost its scope for application. In addition, with the support of AI technology, autonomous vehicles have strong intelligence. Unlike conventional goods, the existing commodity liability regulations also have difficulties in application. In this case, the author discusses how to solve this problem. This paper analyzes the legal positioning of drones, distinguishes whether drones belong to legal subjects or legal ob jects, and how to grasp the nature of the legal ob jects of drones, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the infringement of drones. Then, the article discusses the legal issues related to both the user and the supplier in unmanned driving. The question of user responsibility is, what happens to both the user and seller, and if there are any problems with both the user and seller, what responsibilities should they bear?
Key Words：Unmanned vehicles; Legal status; The responsibility of the user; Supplier Responsibility
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
一、无人驾驶汽车的相关理论概述 2
（一）无人驾驶汽车的概念 2
（二）无人驾驶汽车的特性 2
二、无人驾驶汽车法律地位的争议与重要性 4
（一）无人驾驶汽车法律地位的争议 4
（二）无人驾驶汽车法律地位的重要性 4
三、无人驾驶汽车用方的侵权责任规则评析 6
（一）机动车交通事故责任说评析 6
（二）机动车交通事故保有人责任说评析 6
（三）高度危险责任说评析 7
（四）一般责任说评析 7
（五）用方无须担责说评析 7
四、无人驾驶汽车供方的侵权责任规则评析 9
（一）产品责任说评析 9
（二）一般侵责任说评析 9
（三）机动车交通事故保有人责任说评析 9
（四）高度危险责任说评析 10
（五）电梯侵权责任说及其评析 10
结 论 11
