摘 要
自改革开放以来，中国城乡收入差距一直是一个备受关注的问题。本文旨在探讨城乡收入差距的演变及其成因分析，并提出改善策略。第一章介绍了城乡收入差距的定义和度量方法，以及相关概念——城镇化、工业化、农业现代化，与城乡居民收入来源的分类和解释。第二章分别从改革开放初期、20世纪90年代至2000年代初期、2000年代后期至今三个阶段，探讨了城乡收入差距的演变，发现最初城乡收入差距扩大，之后稳定，但近年又再次扩大。第三章则从资源禀赋与区域发展的差异、教育程度和职业结构对收入的影响、农村土地制度的失衡、城乡居民户籍制度差异等方面分析了城乡收入差距的成因。最后，第四章给出了改善策略，包括打破城乡二元结构，加强农业现代化，优化教育资源配置，改革户籍制度，促进流动人口平等享受公共服务。
关键词：城乡收入、城镇化、收入差距
Abstract
Since the reform and opening up, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China has always been a concern. This article aims to explore the evolution of urban-rural income gap and analyze its causes, and propose improvement strategies. The first chapter introduces the definition and measurement methods of urban-rural income gap, as well as related concepts such as urbanization, industrialization, agricultural modernization, and the classification and explanation of income sources for urban and rural residents. Chapter 2 explores the evolution of the urban-rural income gap from the early stages of reform and opening up, from the 1990s to the early 2000s, and from the late 2000s to the present. It is found that the urban-rural income gap initially widened, then stabilized, but has expanded again in recent years. The third chapter analyzes the causes of the urban-rural income gap from the differences in resource endowments and regional development, the impact of education and occupation structure on income, the imbalance of rural land system, and the differences in urban and rural residents' registered residence system. Finally, the fourth chapter gives improvement strategies, including breaking the urban-rural dual structure, strengthening agricultural modernization, optimizing the allocation of educational resources, reforming the registered residence system, and promoting the equal access of floating population to public services.
Keyword:urban-rural income、urbanization、income gap
目 录
引言 1
1 城乡收入相关概念 1
1.1 城乡收入差距的定义和度量方法 1
1.2 城镇化、工业化、农业现代化的相关概念 1
1.3 城乡居民收入来源的分类和解释 1
2 改革开放以来城乡收入差距的演变 2
2.1 改革开放初期城乡收入差距的扩大 2
2.2 20世纪90年代至2000年代初期城乡收入差距稳定 2
2.3 2000年代后期至今城乡收入差距再次扩大 2
3 改革开放以来城乡收入差距的成因 2
3.1 资源禀赋与区域发展的差异 2
3.2 教育程度和职业结构对收入的影响 3
3.3 农村土地制度的失衡 3
3.4 城乡居民户籍制度差异 3
4 改革开放以来城乡收入差距的改善策略 3
4.1 打破城乡二元结构，推进城乡融合发展 4
4.2 加强农业现代化，提高农民收入水平 4
4.3 优化教育资源配置，缩小城乡教育差距 4
4.4 改革户籍制度，促进流动人口平等享受公共服务 4
结论 4
参考文献 6
致谢 7
自改革开放以来，中国城乡收入差距一直是一个备受关注的问题。本文旨在探讨城乡收入差距的演变及其成因分析，并提出改善策略。第一章介绍了城乡收入差距的定义和度量方法，以及相关概念——城镇化、工业化、农业现代化，与城乡居民收入来源的分类和解释。第二章分别从改革开放初期、20世纪90年代至2000年代初期、2000年代后期至今三个阶段，探讨了城乡收入差距的演变，发现最初城乡收入差距扩大，之后稳定，但近年又再次扩大。第三章则从资源禀赋与区域发展的差异、教育程度和职业结构对收入的影响、农村土地制度的失衡、城乡居民户籍制度差异等方面分析了城乡收入差距的成因。最后，第四章给出了改善策略，包括打破城乡二元结构，加强农业现代化，优化教育资源配置，改革户籍制度，促进流动人口平等享受公共服务。
关键词：城乡收入、城镇化、收入差距
Abstract
Since the reform and opening up, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China has always been a concern. This article aims to explore the evolution of urban-rural income gap and analyze its causes, and propose improvement strategies. The first chapter introduces the definition and measurement methods of urban-rural income gap, as well as related concepts such as urbanization, industrialization, agricultural modernization, and the classification and explanation of income sources for urban and rural residents. Chapter 2 explores the evolution of the urban-rural income gap from the early stages of reform and opening up, from the 1990s to the early 2000s, and from the late 2000s to the present. It is found that the urban-rural income gap initially widened, then stabilized, but has expanded again in recent years. The third chapter analyzes the causes of the urban-rural income gap from the differences in resource endowments and regional development, the impact of education and occupation structure on income, the imbalance of rural land system, and the differences in urban and rural residents' registered residence system. Finally, the fourth chapter gives improvement strategies, including breaking the urban-rural dual structure, strengthening agricultural modernization, optimizing the allocation of educational resources, reforming the registered residence system, and promoting the equal access of floating population to public services.
Keyword:urban-rural income、urbanization、income gap
目 录
引言 1
1 城乡收入相关概念 1
1.1 城乡收入差距的定义和度量方法 1
1.2 城镇化、工业化、农业现代化的相关概念 1
1.3 城乡居民收入来源的分类和解释 1
2 改革开放以来城乡收入差距的演变 2
2.1 改革开放初期城乡收入差距的扩大 2
2.2 20世纪90年代至2000年代初期城乡收入差距稳定 2
2.3 2000年代后期至今城乡收入差距再次扩大 2
3 改革开放以来城乡收入差距的成因 2
3.1 资源禀赋与区域发展的差异 2
3.2 教育程度和职业结构对收入的影响 3
3.3 农村土地制度的失衡 3
3.4 城乡居民户籍制度差异 3
4 改革开放以来城乡收入差距的改善策略 3
4.1 打破城乡二元结构，推进城乡融合发展 4
4.2 加强农业现代化，提高农民收入水平 4
4.3 优化教育资源配置，缩小城乡教育差距 4
4.4 改革户籍制度，促进流动人口平等享受公共服务 4
结论 4
参考文献 6
致谢 7
