摘 要
随着全球环境问题日益突出，绿色贸易壁垒逐渐成为国际贸易规则重构的重要方向。作为世界制造业大国，中国出口产品面临越来越多以环保为名的技术性贸易限制措施，这对制造业的国际竞争力提出了新的挑战。本文旨在系统分析绿色贸易壁垒对中国制造业出口的影响机制与实际效应，探讨中国制造业在应对绿色壁垒过程中的策略选择与优化路径。研究采用定性分析与定量测算相结合的方法，利用2000-2022年制造业细分行业的面板数据，构建扩展的引力模型，实证检验绿色贸易壁垒对出口规模、结构及质量的影响。结果显示，绿色壁垒显著抑制了中国高污染、高能耗产品的出口增长，但同时推动了清洁技术和绿色制造领域的出口扩张。进一步研究表明，具有较强技术创新能力和环境规制适应能力的企业更能有效缓解绿色壁垒带来的负面影响。本文的创新之处在于从动态视角出发，揭示绿色贸易壁垒对中国制造业出口的双重影响机制，并提出基于产业升级和绿色转型的应对策略。研究结果对于引导制造业绿色转型、提升出口产品质量以及制定科学合理的对外贸易政策具有重要理论价值与实践意义。
关键词：绿色贸易壁垒；制造业出口；环境规制；技术创新；产业升级
The Impact of Green Trade Barriers on China's Manufacturing Exports: A Comprehensive Study
Abstract: With the increasing prominence of global environmental issues, green trade barriers have gradually become a significant direction in the restructuring of international trade rules. As a major manufacturing country in the world, China's export products are encountering growing technical trade restrictions justified by environmental concerns, posing new challenges to the international competitiveness of its manufacturing sector. This paper aims to systematically analyze the mechanisms and practical effects of green trade barriers on China’s manufacturing exports, while exploring strategic choices and optimization pathways for Chinese manufacturers in responding to such barriers. The study adopts a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative measurement, employing panel data from 2000 to 2022 across sub-industries of the manufacturing sector and constructing an extended gravity model to empirically examine the impact of green trade barriers on the scale, structure, and quality of exports. Results indicate that green barriers significantly suppress the export growth of high-pollution and high-energy-consuming products, yet simultaneously promote export expansion in the fields of clean technology and green manufacturing. Further analysis reveals that firms with stronger technological innovation capabilities and better adaptability to environmental regulations are more effective in mitigating the negative impacts of these barriers. The innovation of this paper lies in uncovering the dual-effect mechanism of green trade barriers on China’s manufacturing exports from a dynamic perspective and proposing response strategies based on industrial upgrading and green transformation. The findings hold important theoretical and practical implications for guiding the green transition of the manufacturing industry, enhancing the quality of export products, and formulating scientifically sound foreign trade policies.
Keywords: Green Trade Barriers; Manufacturing Export; Environmental Regulation; Technological Innovation; Industrial Upgrading
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景和意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法 1
2绿色贸易壁垒的基本内涵及其发展趋势 2
2.1绿色贸易壁垒的概念界定与主要形式 2
2.2国际绿色贸易壁垒的发展动因分析 2
2.3主要国家和地区绿色贸易政策比较研究 3
2.4绿色贸易壁垒对全球制造业贸易格局的影响 3
3中国制造业出口的结构特征与绿色转型现状 4
3.1中国制造业出口的整体规模与结构分析 4
3.2制造业重点出口行业绿色化水平评估 4
3.3企业层面绿色生产实践与认证情况 5
3.4政策支持体系与中国制造业绿色升级路径 5
4绿色贸易壁垒对中国制造业出口的具体影响分析 5
4.1绿色标准对中国制造产品市场准入的影响 6
4.2出口成本变化与企业应对策略调整 6
4.3不同行业受绿色壁垒影响的差异性分析 6
4.4案例研究：典型制造业领域应对绿色壁垒的实证分析 7
5应对绿色贸易壁垒的对策建议与未来展望 7
5.1提升中国制造业绿色竞争力的战略路径 7
5.2构建绿色标准与认证体系的政策建议 8
5.3企业层面的技术创新与管理优化方向 8
5.4面向未来的国际合作与规则参与策略 9
结论 9
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
