摘 要
高度近视眼底病变是导致不可逆视力损害的重要原因，其早期筛查与干预对延缓疾病进展具有重要意义。本研究旨在探索适用于大规模人群的高度近视眼底病变筛查策略，并评估早期干预措施的效果。通过纳入1200名高度近视患者，采用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）、眼底照相及人工智能辅助诊断系统进行综合筛查，同时结合临床随访数据分析病变进展情况。结果显示，基于人工智能的筛查方法能够显著提高病变检出率，且敏感性与特异性均超过90%；早期干预组（包括视网膜激光光凝和定期监测）的眼底病变进展速度明显低于对照组。研究表明，将人工智能技术融入筛查流程可有效提升效率与准确性，而早期干预措施则能显著降低病变恶化的风险。本研究为高度近视眼底病变的防控提供了新思路，强调了技术融合与个性化干预的重要性，为公共卫生政策制定提供了科学依据。关 键 词：高度近视眼底病变；人工智能辅助诊断；早期干预；光学相干断层扫描；病变进展速度
ABSTRACT
Highly myopic fundus lesions are a critical cause of irreversible visual impairment, and early screening and intervention play a significant role in slowing disease progression. This study aimed to explore large-scale screening strategies for highly myopic fundus lesions and evaluate the effectiveness of early interventions. A total of 1200 patients with high myopia were included, and comprehensive screenings were conducted using optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography, and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems, combined with clinical follow-up data analysis to monitor lesion progression. The results demonstrated that screening methods based on artificial intelligence significantly improved the detection rate of lesions, with both sensitivity and specificity exceeding 90%. The progression rate of fundus lesions in the early intervention group (including retinal laser photocoagulation and regular monitoring) was markedly lower than that in the control group. This study indicates that integrating artificial intelligence technology into the screening process can effectively enhance efficiency and accuracy, while early intervention measures significantly reduce the risk of lesion deterioration. Our findings provide new insights into the prevention and control of highly myopic fundus lesions, emphasizing the importance of technological integration and personalized interventions, and offering scientific evidence for the formulation of public health policies.Key words：Highly Myopic Fundus Lesions；Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Diagnosis；Early Intervention；Optical Coherence Tomography；Lesion Progression Rate
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
一、绪论 1
（一）高度近视眼底病变的研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状分析 1
二、高度近视眼底病变的早期筛查技术 2
（一）筛查技术的基本原理与应用 2
（二）常见筛查工具的比较与选择 2
（三）筛查流程的优化与实施策略 2
三、高度近视眼底病变的风险评估模型 4
（一）风险因素的识别与分类 4
（二）数据驱动的风险评估方法 4
（三）模型验证与临床应用价值 4
四、高度近视眼底病变的干预措施研究 6
（一）干预措施的理论基础与实践框架 6
（二）不同干预手段的效果评价 6
（三）干预方案的个性化设计与推广 6
结语 8
参考文献 9
谢辞 10
