摘 要
肾病综合征是一种复杂的临床疾病，其早期诊断和精准分型对治疗方案的选择至关重要。本研究旨在探讨尿液蛋白质组学技术在肾病综合征诊断中的应用价值，并开发一种基于尿液蛋白标志物的新型诊断方法。通过收集120例肾病综合征患者及60例健康对照者的尿液样本，采用高分辨率质谱分析结合生物信息学挖掘，筛选出一组差异表达的尿液蛋白标志物。结果显示，这些标志物能够有效区分肾病综合征患者与健康个体，并在不同病理类型的肾病综合征中表现出显著的表达差异。进一步验证表明，所构建的多标志物模型具有较高的敏感性和特异性，且优于传统血清指标。本研究创新性地利用非侵入性的尿液样本实现了肾病综合征的精准诊断，为临床提供了新的工具和思路，同时为个性化医疗奠定了基础。关 键 词：肾病综合征；尿液蛋白质组学；诊断标志物；多标志物模型；个性化医疗
ABSTRACT
Nephrotic syndrome is a complex clinical disorder, and its early diagnosis and precise classification are critical for selecting appropriate therapeutic strategies. This study aims to investigate the application value of urinary proteomics in diagnosing nephrotic syndrome and to develop a novel diagnostic approach based on urinary protein biomarkers. By collecting urine samples from 120 patients with nephrotic syndrome and 60 healthy controls, we employed high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis to identify a panel of differentially expressed urinary protein biomarkers. The results demonstrated that these biomarkers could effectively distinguish patients with nephrotic syndrome from healthy individuals and exhibited significant ex pression differences among various pathological subtypes of nephrotic syndrome. Further validation indicated that the multi-biomarker model constructed in this study achieved high sensitivity and specificity, outperforming traditional serum indicators. Innovatively, this research utilized non-invasive urine samples to achieve precise diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, providing new tools and insights for clinical practice and laying a foundation for personalized medicine.Key words：Nephrotic Syndrome；Urine Proteomics；Diagnostic Marker；Multi-Marker Model；Personalized Medicine
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
一、绪论 1
（一）肾病综合征诊断的研究背景 1
（二）尿液蛋白质组学的应用现状 1
（三）本文研究方法与结构安排 1
二、尿液蛋白质组学技术基础 2
（一）尿液蛋白质组学的核心原理 2
（二）关键技术及其发展现状 2
（三）技术在肾病研究中的优势 2
三、蛋白质标志物的筛选与验证 4
（一）标志物筛选的策略与方法 4
（二）验证流程及其科学依据 4
（三）标志物在诊断中的潜在价值 4
四、尿液蛋白质组学在临床诊断中的应用 6
（一）不同类型肾病综合征的特征分析 6
（二）尿液蛋白质组学的诊断效能评估 6
（三）应用中的挑战与未来方向 6
结语 8
参考文献 9
谢辞 10
