摘 要
在全球气候变化和资源环境压力日益加剧的背景下，低碳经济转型已成为各国实现可持续发展的关键路径。本研究旨在探讨绿色金融政策在推动低碳经济转型中的作用机制及其实际效果，以期为相关政策制定提供科学依据。研究选取中国作为案例分析对象，基于2010年至2022年的省级面板数据，采用固定效应模型与工具变量法，评估绿色信贷、绿色债券等核心政策工具对碳排放强度、能源结构优化及绿色技术创新的影响。结果显示，绿色金融政策显著降低了区域碳排放强度，促进了清洁能源占比提升，并加速了绿色技术的研发与应用。进一步的异质性分析表明，政策效果在经济发达地区更为显著，而欠发达地区受限于资本可得性和技术基础，政策传导效率较低。本研究的创新点在于首次将绿色金融政策的多维度影响纳入统一分析框架，并通过引入政策实施强度指数，提升了评估结果的准确性和可靠性。此外，研究还揭示了金融支持与产业转型之间的互动关系，强调了政策设计中需兼顾公平与效率的重要性。总体而言，绿色金融政策是推动低碳经济转型的重要抓手，但其作用发挥依赖于完善的制度保障和区域差异化策略的实施。这一结论为深化绿色金融改革、优化资源配置提供了重要参考。
关键词：绿色金融政策；低碳经济转型；碳排放强度；绿色技术创新；区域差异性
Abstract
In the context of intensifying global climate change and resource-environmental pressures, the transition to a low-carbon economy has become a critical pathway for achieving sustainable development across countries. This study aims to explore the mechanisms and practical effects of green financial policies in facilitating this transition, thereby providing a scientific basis for relevant policy formulation. China is selected as the case analysis subject, and provincial panel data from 2010 to 2022 are utilized. A fixed-effects model combined with instrumental variable methods is employed to evaluate the impacts of core policy instruments, such as green credit and green bonds, on carbon emission intensity, energy structure optimization, and green technological innovation. The results indicate that green financial policies have significantly reduced regional carbon emission intensity, promoted the increase in the proportion of clean energy, and accelerated the development and application of green technologies. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the policy effects are more pronounced in economically developed regions, while underdeveloped areas exhibit lower policy transmission efficiency due to constraints in capital availability and technological foundations. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of the multidimensional impacts of green financial policies into a unified analytical fr amework, enhanced by the introduction of a policy implementation intensity index, which improves the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation results. Additionally, the study elucidates the interactive relationship between financial support and industrial transformation, emphasizing the importance of balancing equity and efficiency in policy design. Overall, green financial policies represent a crucial instrument for promoting the low-carbon economic transition; however, their effectiveness depends on comprehensive institutional safeguards and the implementation of regionally differentiated strategies. These findings provide significant implications for deepening green financial reforms and optimizing resource allocation.
Keywords: Green Finance Policy; Low-Carbon Economic Transition; Carbon Emission Intensity; Green Technology Innovation; Regional Differences
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1绿色金融与低碳经济转型的背景分析 1
1.2研究绿色金融政策推动作用的意义探讨 1
1.3国内外研究现状与文献综述 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线设计 2
2绿色金融政策的理论基础与框架构建 2
2.1绿色金融政策的核心概念解析 2
2.2绿色金融政策的理论支撑体系 3
2.3绿色金融政策在低碳经济中的定位 3
2.4绿色金融政策实施的国际经验借鉴 4
2.5我国绿色金融政策的发展历程与特点 4
3绿色金融政策对低碳经济转型的驱动机制分析 5
3.1绿色金融政策对产业结构优化的影响 5
3.2绿色金融政策对能源结构调整的作用 5
3.3绿色金融政策对企业技术创新的激励 6
3.4绿色金融政策对碳排放约束的强化 6
3.5绿色金融政策对公众环保意识的提升 7
4绿色金融政策推动低碳经济转型的实证研究 7
4.1实证研究的设计与数据来源说明 7
4.2绿色信贷对低碳经济转型的效果评估 8
4.3绿色债券对低碳经济发展的贡献分析 8
4.4碳交易市场对低碳经济转型的促进作用 9
4.5政策工具组合对低碳经济转型的整体影响 9
结论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
