摘 要
本文从我国小额贷款的发展历程入手，分析了我国小额贷款的问题和成因，比较了国内和国外的小额贷款的发展趋势，并给出了一些可行的对策。小额贷款是针对中等和低收入者的连续贷款业务。因为我国的贫困者多集中在乡村，所以我们现在所说的“小额贷款”通常是指的是“小额贷款”。应当指出，在我国的农村金融领域，小规模的贷款并不专门针对特定的组织，而只针对中小规模的中小企业和无法提供有效的担保人。
小额贷款起源于孟加拉国，最初是尤努斯先生为贫困人群制定的一种不需要抵押和保证的新的减贫方式。自1993年起，我国就引入了小额贷款，经历了前期的几次尝试和创新，目前已经初见成效，取得了一定的成效。央行公布的数字表明，到20146月底，全国小额信贷企业8394个，累计放款8811个。小额信贷是一种以扶贫为目的的有偿信贷，打破了以往的单一模式（主要依靠政府补助和外部捐助），同时也为政府减少了经济压力。所以，探讨完善和发展小额贷款的方法，对于促进我国的共同繁荣有着重要的现实作用。
关键词：小额信贷 贫困农民 扶贫政策
Abstract
This paper starts with the development of microfinance in China, analyzes the problems and causes of microfinance in China, compares the development trend of microfinance at home and abroad, and gives some feasible countermeasures. Microloan is a continuous loan business for middle and low-income people. Because most of the poor people in China are concentrated in rural areas, what we now call "small loans" usually refers to "small loans". It should be pointed out that in the field of rural finance in China, small-scale loans are not targeted at specific organizations, but only at small and medium-sized enterprises and cannot provide effective guarantors.
Originating from Bangladesh, microfinance was originally a new poverty reduction method developed by Mr. Yunus for the poor without mortgage and guarantee. Since 1993, China has introduced micro-credit, which has experienced several attempts and innovations in the early stage, and has achieved some results. According to the figures released by the Central Bank, by the end of June 2014, there were 8394 microfinance enterprises nationwide, with a total of 8811 loans. Microcredit is a kind of paid credit for poverty alleviation, which breaks the previous single model (mainly relying on government subsidies and external donations), and also reduces the economic pressure on the government. Therefore, exploring ways to improve and develop micro-credit plays an important role in promoting the common prosperity of China.
Key words: Microcredit Poor farmers Poverty alleviation policy
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 前言 5
2 我国小额信贷概述 6
2.1 我国小额信贷的发展历程 6
2.2 我国小额信贷的发展现状 6
2.2.1 我国农村信用社开办小额信贷的基本要求 7
2.2.2 小额信用贷款的申请流程 7
2.2.3 我国小额信贷的特点 7
2.2.4 中国小额信贷实际开展情况 8
2.3 小额信贷发展中存在的问题 9
2.3.1 政府过度干预 9
2.3.2 缺乏充足且稳定的资金来源 9
2.3.3 利率的制定陷入两难困境 10
2.3.4 风险防范能力亟需加强 10
2.3.5 缺乏良好的政策环境 11
3 国外成功小额信贷模式对中国的启发--以孟加拉乡村银行为例 11
3.1 孟加拉乡村银行概述 11
3.1.1 孟加拉乡村银行简介 11
3.1.2 孟加拉乡村银行的运作特点 11
3.2 孟加拉乡村银行式小额信贷的启示 12
3.2.1 贷款对象 12
3.2.2 利率 12
3.2.3 小组联保 13
3.2.4 分期还款 13
4 我国小额信贷发展的建议 13
4.1 强化市场化运作 13
4.2 寻求多渠道的资金来源 14
4.3 放开小额信贷利率，实现利率市场化 14
4.4 建立小额信贷的风险控制机制 14
4.5 加快小额信贷监管框架的建立，完善相关法律法规 15
4.6 抓住机遇，使小额信贷向正规化方向发展 15
本文从我国小额贷款的发展历程入手，分析了我国小额贷款的问题和成因，比较了国内和国外的小额贷款的发展趋势，并给出了一些可行的对策。小额贷款是针对中等和低收入者的连续贷款业务。因为我国的贫困者多集中在乡村，所以我们现在所说的“小额贷款”通常是指的是“小额贷款”。应当指出，在我国的农村金融领域，小规模的贷款并不专门针对特定的组织，而只针对中小规模的中小企业和无法提供有效的担保人。
小额贷款起源于孟加拉国，最初是尤努斯先生为贫困人群制定的一种不需要抵押和保证的新的减贫方式。自1993年起，我国就引入了小额贷款，经历了前期的几次尝试和创新，目前已经初见成效，取得了一定的成效。央行公布的数字表明，到20146月底，全国小额信贷企业8394个，累计放款8811个。小额信贷是一种以扶贫为目的的有偿信贷，打破了以往的单一模式（主要依靠政府补助和外部捐助），同时也为政府减少了经济压力。所以，探讨完善和发展小额贷款的方法，对于促进我国的共同繁荣有着重要的现实作用。
关键词：小额信贷 贫困农民 扶贫政策
Abstract
This paper starts with the development of microfinance in China, analyzes the problems and causes of microfinance in China, compares the development trend of microfinance at home and abroad, and gives some feasible countermeasures. Microloan is a continuous loan business for middle and low-income people. Because most of the poor people in China are concentrated in rural areas, what we now call "small loans" usually refers to "small loans". It should be pointed out that in the field of rural finance in China, small-scale loans are not targeted at specific organizations, but only at small and medium-sized enterprises and cannot provide effective guarantors.
Originating from Bangladesh, microfinance was originally a new poverty reduction method developed by Mr. Yunus for the poor without mortgage and guarantee. Since 1993, China has introduced micro-credit, which has experienced several attempts and innovations in the early stage, and has achieved some results. According to the figures released by the Central Bank, by the end of June 2014, there were 8394 microfinance enterprises nationwide, with a total of 8811 loans. Microcredit is a kind of paid credit for poverty alleviation, which breaks the previous single model (mainly relying on government subsidies and external donations), and also reduces the economic pressure on the government. Therefore, exploring ways to improve and develop micro-credit plays an important role in promoting the common prosperity of China.
Key words: Microcredit Poor farmers Poverty alleviation policy
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 前言 5
2 我国小额信贷概述 6
2.1 我国小额信贷的发展历程 6
2.2 我国小额信贷的发展现状 6
2.2.1 我国农村信用社开办小额信贷的基本要求 7
2.2.2 小额信用贷款的申请流程 7
2.2.3 我国小额信贷的特点 7
2.2.4 中国小额信贷实际开展情况 8
2.3 小额信贷发展中存在的问题 9
2.3.1 政府过度干预 9
2.3.2 缺乏充足且稳定的资金来源 9
2.3.3 利率的制定陷入两难困境 10
2.3.4 风险防范能力亟需加强 10
2.3.5 缺乏良好的政策环境 11
3 国外成功小额信贷模式对中国的启发--以孟加拉乡村银行为例 11
3.1 孟加拉乡村银行概述 11
3.1.1 孟加拉乡村银行简介 11
3.1.2 孟加拉乡村银行的运作特点 11
3.2 孟加拉乡村银行式小额信贷的启示 12
3.2.1 贷款对象 12
3.2.2 利率 12
3.2.3 小组联保 13
3.2.4 分期还款 13
4 我国小额信贷发展的建议 13
4.1 强化市场化运作 13
4.2 寻求多渠道的资金来源 14
4.3 放开小额信贷利率，实现利率市场化 14
4.4 建立小额信贷的风险控制机制 14
4.5 加快小额信贷监管框架的建立，完善相关法律法规 15
4.6 抓住机遇，使小额信贷向正规化方向发展 15
参考文献 16
