摘 要
机械部件的表面性能对其服役寿命和可靠性具有重要影响，尤其是在高载荷、高温或腐蚀性工况下。为提升机械部件的耐磨性能，本研究以典型金属材料为对象，系统分析了多种表面强化技术对材料微观结构与力学性能的影响机制。研究采用激光熔覆、离子渗氮和超音速火焰喷涂等先进工艺，结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及纳米压痕测试等手段，深入探讨了强化层的组织特征、残余应力分布及其与摩擦磨损行为之间的关联。结果表明，不同强化技术可显著改变材料表面的硬度、韧性和抗疲劳性能，其中激光熔覆技术通过形成致密且均匀的冶金结合层，有效提升了材料的耐磨性能；离子渗氮则在保持基体韧性的同时增强了表面硬度；而超音速火焰喷涂表现出优异的涂层附着力和抗冲击能力。
关键词：表面强化技术 激光熔覆 离子渗氮
Abstract
The surface performance of mechanical components has an important impact on their service life and reliability, especially under high load, high temperature or corrosive working conditions. In order to improve the wear resistance of mechanical parts, this study takes typical me tal materials and systematically analyzes the influence mechanism of various surface reinforcement techniques on the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials. Using advanced processes such as laser cladding, ionic nitriding and supersonic flame spraying, combined with scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentation test, the tissue characteristics, residual stress distribution and their correlation with friction wear behavior were discussed. The results show that different reinforcement techniques can significantly change the hardness, toughness and fatigue resistance of the material surface and enhance the wear resistance by forming a dense and uniform me tallurgical bonding layer and enhance the toughness of the substrate; the supersonic flame spraying shows excellent coating adhesion and impact resistance.
Keyword:Surface Strengthening Technology Laser Cladding Ion Nitriding
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1机械部件表面强化的研究背景 1
1.2表面强化与耐磨性能的意义分析 1
1.3国内外研究现状综述 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2表面强化技术的分类与原理 2
2.1表面强化技术的主要类型 2
2.2热处理强化的基本原理 3
2.3涂层技术的应用特点 3
2.4表面改性技术的作用机制 3
2.5强化技术的选择与匹配 4
3耐磨性能的评价方法与影响因素 4
3.1耐磨性能的定义与表征参数 4
3.2常用耐磨性能测试方法 5
3.3材料特性对耐磨性能的影响 5
3.4工作环境对耐磨性能的作用 6
3.5强化技术对耐磨性能的提升效果 6
4实验研究与结果分析 7
4.1实验设计与材料选择 7
4.2强化工艺参数的优化研究 7
4.3不同强化技术的耐磨性能对比 8
4.4实验数据的分析与讨论 8
4.5结果对工程应用的指导意义 8
结论 9
参考文献 10
致谢 11
