摘 要
老年痴呆症（阿尔茨海默病）的高发率及其对家庭照顾者造成的负担已成为全球性公共卫生问题，本研究旨在深入探讨老年痴呆症患者家庭照顾者的负担特征，并提出针对性支持策略以改善其生活质量。研究采用定量与定性相结合的方法，通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈收集数据，共纳入325名老年痴呆症患者的家庭照顾者作为研究对象。结果显示，照顾者普遍存在心理压力大、社会支持不足及经济负担沉重等问题，且负担程度与患者的病情严重程度显著相关。进一步分析发现，缺乏专业护理知识和社交孤立是加重照顾者负担的重要因素。基于此，本研究提出构建多层次支持体系的创新策略，包括加强社区护理服务、提供心理干预和支持小组平台，以及优化政策保障机制。研究的主要贡献在于揭示了当前支持体系中的薄弱环节，并为制定精准化的干预措施提供了理论依据，有助于缓解家庭照顾者的负担并促进患者的整体照护质量提升。
关键词：老年痴呆症，家庭照顾者负担，心理压力，社区护理服务，支持体系优化
Burden of Family Caregivers for Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Support Strategies: A Study
Abstract
The high prevalence of dementia (Alzheimer's disease) and the burden it imposes on family caregivers have become global public health concerns. This study aims to explore the characteristics of the burden experienced by family caregivers of dementia patients and to propose targeted support strategies to improve their quality of life. A mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, was employed, involving 325 family caregivers of dementia patients. The findings indicate that caregivers generally experience significant psychological stress, insufficient social support, and heavy economic burdens, with the level of burden being significantly correlated with the severity of the patient's condition. Further analysis reveals that the lack of professional caregiving knowledge and social isolation are critical factors exacerbating the caregivers' burden. Based on these insights, this study proposes an innovative strategy for constructing a multi-level support system, which includes enhancing community-based nursing services, providing psychological interventions and support group platforms, as well as optimizing policy protection mechanisms. The primary contribution of this research lies in identifying the weak links in the current support system and offering theoretical foundations for developing precise intervention measures, thereby alleviating the burden on family caregivers and promoting the overall care quality for patients.
Key Words：Alzheimer's Disease, Family Caregiver Burden, Psychological Stress, Community Nursing Services, Support System Optimization
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）老年痴呆症家庭照顾者负担的研究背景 1
（二）研究老年痴呆症照顾者支持策略的意义 2
（三）国内外研究现状与文献综述 3
二、家庭照顾者负担的特征与影响因素分析 3
（一）家庭照顾者负担的概念界定与分类 4
（二）不同阶段老年痴呆症患者的照顾需求 5
（三）社会经济因素对家庭照顾者负担的影响 6
（四）心理与身体健康对家庭照顾者负担的作用 7
三、支持策略的理论基础与实践模式探讨 8
（一）支持策略的核心理论框架 8
（二）当前支持策略的主要类型与效果评估 9
（三）社区支持在减轻家庭照顾者负担中的作用 10
（四）政策支持与社会资源分配的优化路径 11
四、改善家庭照顾者支持策略的具体方案设计 12
（一）针对性干预措施的设计与实施 12
（二）提升家庭照顾者心理健康的支持方案 13
（三）构建多维度的社会支持网络体系 14
（四）推动政策创新以缓解家庭照顾者压力 15
结论 16
参考文献 17
致 谢 20
