城市公共交通成本效益分析
摘 要
随着城市化进程的加速，公共交通作为城市可持续发展的重要组成部分，其成本效益分析已成为学术界和政策制定者关注的核心议题本研究以城市公共交通系统的成本效益为切入点，旨在通过系统化的分析框架，评估公共交通在经济、社会和环境层面的综合效益，并探索优化资源配置的有效路径研究采用多维度分析方法，结合定量与定性分析，运用成本-效益模型对公共交通项目的全生命周期进行评估同时引入空间经济学理论，考察不同区域特征对成本效益的影响结果表明，公共交通项目在短期内可能面临较高的经济成本，但从长期来看，其带来的社会效益和环境收益显著高于直接经济回报此外，研究发现合理规划线路布局与运营模式能够有效降低单位成本并提升整体效益。
关键词：城市公共交通；成本效益分析；空间异质性
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF URBAN
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, Public transport, as an important part of urban sustainable development, Its cost-effectiveness analysis has become a core issue of concern to academia and policy makers. This study takes the cost-effectiveness of the urban public transport system as the entry point, Aiming that, through a systematic analytical fr amework, To evaluate the comprehensive benefits of public transport at the economic, social and environmental levels, And explore the effective path to optimize resource allocation using multi-dimensional analysis method, Combined with the quantitative and qualitative analysis, Using the cost-benefit model to evaluate the whole life cycle of public transport projects while introducing the theory of spatial economics, Exploring the influence of different regional characteristics on the cost-effectiveness shows that, Public transport projects may face high economic costs in the short term, But in the long term, The social benefits and environmental benefits are significantly higher than the direct economic returns. In addition, The study found that reasonable planning of route layout and operation mode can effectively reduce the unit cost and improve the overall benefit.
KEY WORDS：Urban public transport; cost-benefit analysis; and spatial heterogeneity
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究城市公共交通成本效益的意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状与评述 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2 成本构成与量化分析 2
2.1 成本构成与量化分析 2
2.2 运营成本的量化方法 3
2.3 资本成本的核算方式 4
2.4 外部成本的评估框架 4
2.5 成本分析中的关键问题 5
3 效益评估与影响因素分析 5
3.1 直接经济效益的测量方法 5
3.2 社会效益的评估体系 6
3.3 环境效益的量化分析 7
3.4 影响效益实现的关键因素 7
3.5 效益评估中的挑战与对策 8
4 成本效益综合分析与优化策略 8
4.1 成本效益的综合评价模型 8
4.2 不同模式下的成本效益比较 9
4.3 提高成本效益的政策建议 10
4.4 技术创新对成本效益的影响 10
结论 12
致 谢 13
参考文献 14
摘 要
随着城市化进程的加速，公共交通作为城市可持续发展的重要组成部分，其成本效益分析已成为学术界和政策制定者关注的核心议题本研究以城市公共交通系统的成本效益为切入点，旨在通过系统化的分析框架，评估公共交通在经济、社会和环境层面的综合效益，并探索优化资源配置的有效路径研究采用多维度分析方法，结合定量与定性分析，运用成本-效益模型对公共交通项目的全生命周期进行评估同时引入空间经济学理论，考察不同区域特征对成本效益的影响结果表明，公共交通项目在短期内可能面临较高的经济成本，但从长期来看，其带来的社会效益和环境收益显著高于直接经济回报此外，研究发现合理规划线路布局与运营模式能够有效降低单位成本并提升整体效益。
关键词：城市公共交通；成本效益分析；空间异质性
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF URBAN
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, Public transport, as an important part of urban sustainable development, Its cost-effectiveness analysis has become a core issue of concern to academia and policy makers. This study takes the cost-effectiveness of the urban public transport system as the entry point, Aiming that, through a systematic analytical fr amework, To evaluate the comprehensive benefits of public transport at the economic, social and environmental levels, And explore the effective path to optimize resource allocation using multi-dimensional analysis method, Combined with the quantitative and qualitative analysis, Using the cost-benefit model to evaluate the whole life cycle of public transport projects while introducing the theory of spatial economics, Exploring the influence of different regional characteristics on the cost-effectiveness shows that, Public transport projects may face high economic costs in the short term, But in the long term, The social benefits and environmental benefits are significantly higher than the direct economic returns. In addition, The study found that reasonable planning of route layout and operation mode can effectively reduce the unit cost and improve the overall benefit.
KEY WORDS：Urban public transport; cost-benefit analysis; and spatial heterogeneity
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究城市公共交通成本效益的意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状与评述 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2 成本构成与量化分析 2
2.1 成本构成与量化分析 2
2.2 运营成本的量化方法 3
2.3 资本成本的核算方式 4
2.4 外部成本的评估框架 4
2.5 成本分析中的关键问题 5
3 效益评估与影响因素分析 5
3.1 直接经济效益的测量方法 5
3.2 社会效益的评估体系 6
3.3 环境效益的量化分析 7
3.4 影响效益实现的关键因素 7
3.5 效益评估中的挑战与对策 8
4 成本效益综合分析与优化策略 8
4.1 成本效益的综合评价模型 8
4.2 不同模式下的成本效益比较 9
4.3 提高成本效益的政策建议 10
4.4 技术创新对成本效益的影响 10
结论 12
致 谢 13
参考文献 14
