摘 要
高压电气设备的绝缘性能是保障电力系统安全稳定运行的关键因素，然而长期运行过程中，绝缘材料在电场、温度、机械应力及环境因素的综合作用下会发生老化，从而影响设备的可靠性和使用寿命。为深入探究绝缘性能的老化特性，本研究以典型高压电气设备绝缘材料为对象，结合加速老化试验与多物理场耦合仿真技术，系统分析了不同工况下绝缘材料微观结构演变规律及其对宏观性能的影响机制。研究采用热失重分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜等手段，定量评估了绝缘材料在老化过程中的化学成分变化、分子链断裂程度以及表面形貌劣化特征，并通过引入新型老化评价指标建立了绝缘性能退化的预测模型。结果表明，复合应力作用下的绝缘材料老化速率显著高于单一应力条件，且局部放电与热应力的协同效应是导致绝缘性能快速下降的主要原因。
关键词：高压电气设备 绝缘材料老化 多物理场耦合
Abstract
The insulation performance of high-voltage electrical equipment is the key factor to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. However, in the long-term operation process, the insulation materials will age under the comprehensive action of electric field, temperature, mechanical stress and environmental factors, thus affecting the reliability and service life of the equipment. In order to deeply explore the aging characteristics of insulation performance, this study takes the insulation materials of typical high voltage electrical equipment, combined with accelerated aging test and multi-physical field coupling simulation technology, and systematically analyzes the evolution rules of insulation materials and their influence mechanism on macroscopic performance under different working conditions. The thermal weight loss analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to quantitatively evaluate the chemical composition change, molecular chain fracture degree and surface morphology degradation characteristics of insulation materials in the aging process, and establish the prediction model of insulation performance degradation by introducing the new aging evaluation index. The results show that the aging rate of insulating materials under composite stress is significantly higher than that of single stress conditions, and the synergistic effect of local discharge and thermal stress is the main reason for the rapid decline of insulation performance.
Keyword:High Voltage Electrical Equipment Insulation Material Aging Multi-Physics Field Coupling
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1高压电气设备绝缘性能老化研究背景 1
1.2高压电气设备绝缘性能老化研究意义 1
1.3国内外高压电气设备绝缘老化研究现状 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2高压电气设备绝缘老化机理分析 2
2.1绝缘材料老化的基本原理 2
2.2热老化对绝缘性能的影响 2
2.3电老化对绝缘性能的作用机制 3
2.4复合因素下的绝缘老化特性 3
3高压电气设备绝缘老化测试技术研究 4
3.1绝缘老化测试的主要方法 4
3.2基于介电谱的绝缘老化评估技术 4
3.3局部放电检测在绝缘老化中的应用 5
3.4绝缘老化测试数据的处理与分析 5
4高压电气设备绝缘老化寿命预测模型研究 5
4.1绝缘老化寿命预测的研究意义 6
4.2基于物理机制的老化寿命预测模型 6
4.3数据驱动的绝缘老化寿命预测方法 6
4.4老化寿命预测模型的验证与优化 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
高压电气设备的绝缘性能是保障电力系统安全稳定运行的关键因素，然而长期运行过程中，绝缘材料在电场、温度、机械应力及环境因素的综合作用下会发生老化，从而影响设备的可靠性和使用寿命。为深入探究绝缘性能的老化特性，本研究以典型高压电气设备绝缘材料为对象，结合加速老化试验与多物理场耦合仿真技术，系统分析了不同工况下绝缘材料微观结构演变规律及其对宏观性能的影响机制。研究采用热失重分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜等手段，定量评估了绝缘材料在老化过程中的化学成分变化、分子链断裂程度以及表面形貌劣化特征，并通过引入新型老化评价指标建立了绝缘性能退化的预测模型。结果表明，复合应力作用下的绝缘材料老化速率显著高于单一应力条件，且局部放电与热应力的协同效应是导致绝缘性能快速下降的主要原因。
关键词：高压电气设备 绝缘材料老化 多物理场耦合
Abstract
The insulation performance of high-voltage electrical equipment is the key factor to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. However, in the long-term operation process, the insulation materials will age under the comprehensive action of electric field, temperature, mechanical stress and environmental factors, thus affecting the reliability and service life of the equipment. In order to deeply explore the aging characteristics of insulation performance, this study takes the insulation materials of typical high voltage electrical equipment, combined with accelerated aging test and multi-physical field coupling simulation technology, and systematically analyzes the evolution rules of insulation materials and their influence mechanism on macroscopic performance under different working conditions. The thermal weight loss analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to quantitatively evaluate the chemical composition change, molecular chain fracture degree and surface morphology degradation characteristics of insulation materials in the aging process, and establish the prediction model of insulation performance degradation by introducing the new aging evaluation index. The results show that the aging rate of insulating materials under composite stress is significantly higher than that of single stress conditions, and the synergistic effect of local discharge and thermal stress is the main reason for the rapid decline of insulation performance.
Keyword:High Voltage Electrical Equipment Insulation Material Aging Multi-Physics Field Coupling
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1高压电气设备绝缘性能老化研究背景 1
1.2高压电气设备绝缘性能老化研究意义 1
1.3国内外高压电气设备绝缘老化研究现状 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2高压电气设备绝缘老化机理分析 2
2.1绝缘材料老化的基本原理 2
2.2热老化对绝缘性能的影响 2
2.3电老化对绝缘性能的作用机制 3
2.4复合因素下的绝缘老化特性 3
3高压电气设备绝缘老化测试技术研究 4
3.1绝缘老化测试的主要方法 4
3.2基于介电谱的绝缘老化评估技术 4
3.3局部放电检测在绝缘老化中的应用 5
3.4绝缘老化测试数据的处理与分析 5
4高压电气设备绝缘老化寿命预测模型研究 5
4.1绝缘老化寿命预测的研究意义 6
4.2基于物理机制的老化寿命预测模型 6
4.3数据驱动的绝缘老化寿命预测方法 6
4.4老化寿命预测模型的验证与优化 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
