微电网中储能系统的优化配置与控制策略研究
摘要
微电网作为智能电网的重要组成部分，其稳定运行对提高电力系统可靠性具有重要意义。储能系统在微电网中发挥着平抑功率波动、改善电能质量等关键作用。针对微电网中储能系统的优化配置与控制策略问题，本文以实现微电网经济性与稳定性为目标，在分析微电网结构和储能技术特点的基础上，提出了一种基于多目标优化算法的储能系统容量配置方法，综合考虑了成本、效率及环境效益等多方面因素；同时，设计了一种分层协调控制策略，上层采用预测模型进行日前调度计划制定，下层根据实时运行状态调整储能充放电功率，确保微电网内部功率平衡并适应外部电网需求响应。通过仿真验证，该方法能够有效降低微电网运营成本，提高可再生能源利用率，在不同工况下均表现出良好的动态性能和静态性能，为微电网储能系统的规划与运行提供了新的思路和技术手段，创新性地将多目标优化与分层协调控制相结合，解决了传统方法难以兼顾经济效益与运行灵活性的问题，对促进微电网技术发展具有重要价值。
关键词：微电网；储能系统优化配置；多目标优化算法
Abstract
Microgrids, as a crucial component of smart grids, play a significant role in enhancing the reliability of power systems. Energy storage systems (ESS) within microgrids are essential for mitigating power fluctuations and improving power quality. This paper addresses the issue of optimal configuration and control strategies for ESS in microgrids, aiming to achieve both economic efficiency and operational stability. Based on an analysis of microgrid structures and characteristics of energy storage technologies, a multi-ob jective optimization algorithm-based method for determining ESS capacity is proposed, which comprehensively considers factors such as cost, efficiency, and environmental benefits. Concurrently, a hierarchical coordinated control strategy is designed; the upper layer employs predictive models for day-ahead scheduling plans, while the lower layer adjusts the charging and discharging power of ESS based on real-time operational status, ensuring internal power balance within the microgrid and adapting to external grid demand response requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach effectively reduces operational costs, increases renewable energy utilization, and exhibits superior dynamic and static performance under various operating conditions. This study provides new insights and technical means for the planning and operation of ESS in microgrids by innovatively integrating multi-ob jective optimization with hierarchical coordinated control, addressing the challenge of balancing economic benefits and operational flexibility that traditional methods struggle with, thereby contributing significantly to the advancement of microgrid technology.
Keywords：Microgrid; Energy Storage System Optimization Configuration; Multi-ob jective Optimization Algorithm
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、储能系统配置优化模型 2
(一) 微电网储能需求分析 2
(二) 配置优化目标函数构建 3
(三) 约束条件与求解算法 4
三、储能系统控制策略设计 4
(一) 控制策略框架搭建 4
(二) 功率分配机制研究 5
(三) 状态估计与预测控制 6
四、实验验证与结果分析 6
(一) 仿真平台搭建 6
(二) 优化配置效果评估 7
(三) 控制策略性能测试 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
摘要
微电网作为智能电网的重要组成部分，其稳定运行对提高电力系统可靠性具有重要意义。储能系统在微电网中发挥着平抑功率波动、改善电能质量等关键作用。针对微电网中储能系统的优化配置与控制策略问题，本文以实现微电网经济性与稳定性为目标，在分析微电网结构和储能技术特点的基础上，提出了一种基于多目标优化算法的储能系统容量配置方法，综合考虑了成本、效率及环境效益等多方面因素；同时，设计了一种分层协调控制策略，上层采用预测模型进行日前调度计划制定，下层根据实时运行状态调整储能充放电功率，确保微电网内部功率平衡并适应外部电网需求响应。通过仿真验证，该方法能够有效降低微电网运营成本，提高可再生能源利用率，在不同工况下均表现出良好的动态性能和静态性能，为微电网储能系统的规划与运行提供了新的思路和技术手段，创新性地将多目标优化与分层协调控制相结合，解决了传统方法难以兼顾经济效益与运行灵活性的问题，对促进微电网技术发展具有重要价值。
关键词：微电网；储能系统优化配置；多目标优化算法
Abstract
Microgrids, as a crucial component of smart grids, play a significant role in enhancing the reliability of power systems. Energy storage systems (ESS) within microgrids are essential for mitigating power fluctuations and improving power quality. This paper addresses the issue of optimal configuration and control strategies for ESS in microgrids, aiming to achieve both economic efficiency and operational stability. Based on an analysis of microgrid structures and characteristics of energy storage technologies, a multi-ob jective optimization algorithm-based method for determining ESS capacity is proposed, which comprehensively considers factors such as cost, efficiency, and environmental benefits. Concurrently, a hierarchical coordinated control strategy is designed; the upper layer employs predictive models for day-ahead scheduling plans, while the lower layer adjusts the charging and discharging power of ESS based on real-time operational status, ensuring internal power balance within the microgrid and adapting to external grid demand response requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach effectively reduces operational costs, increases renewable energy utilization, and exhibits superior dynamic and static performance under various operating conditions. This study provides new insights and technical means for the planning and operation of ESS in microgrids by innovatively integrating multi-ob jective optimization with hierarchical coordinated control, addressing the challenge of balancing economic benefits and operational flexibility that traditional methods struggle with, thereby contributing significantly to the advancement of microgrid technology.
Keywords：Microgrid; Energy Storage System Optimization Configuration; Multi-ob jective Optimization Algorithm
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、储能系统配置优化模型 2
(一) 微电网储能需求分析 2
(二) 配置优化目标函数构建 3
(三) 约束条件与求解算法 4
三、储能系统控制策略设计 4
(一) 控制策略框架搭建 4
(二) 功率分配机制研究 5
(三) 状态估计与预测控制 6
四、实验验证与结果分析 6
(一) 仿真平台搭建 6
(二) 优化配置效果评估 7
(三) 控制策略性能测试 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
