摘 要
急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是ICU中常见的危重症，机械通气作为主要治疗手段，其护理质量直接影响患者预后。本研究旨在全面调查ICU护士对ARDS患者机械通气护理的现状、问题及需求，为优化护理流程提供依据。通过文献回顾发现，当前关于ICU护士在机械通气护理方面的系统性研究较少，尤其缺乏针对具体操作规范和心理支持的研究。本研究采用问卷调查法与访谈相结合的方式，选取全国12家三甲医院ICU科室的360名护士作为样本，回收有效问卷348份，有效率96.7%。结果显示，超过70%的护士认为机械通气护理存在较大难度，特别是在参数设置、并发症预防及患者沟通方面；约60%的护士表示需要更多专业培训，尤其是在最新技术应用和心理支持方面。研究还发现，不同年资护士在护理技能掌握程度上存在显著差异，高年资护士更注重整体护理，而低年资护士则侧重于基础操作。基于上述结果，本研究提出建立标准化护理流程、加强继续教育、完善心理支持体系等建议，以提高护理质量和患者满意度。该研究首次系统梳理了ICU护士在机械通气护理中的实际困难，并提出了具有针对性的改进措施，为临床实践提供了重要参考。
关键词：急性呼吸窘迫综合征；机械通气护理；ICU护士；护理质量；标准化护理流程
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a common critical illness in intensive care units (ICUs), where mechanical ventilation serves as the primary therapeutic intervention. The quality of nursing care directly impacts patient outcomes. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the current status, challenges, and needs of ICU nurses in providing mechanical ventilation care for ARDS patients, thereby offering evidence for optimizing nursing protocols. Through a literature review, it was found that systematic research on mechanical ventilation care by ICU nurses is limited, particularly concerning specific operational standards and psychological support. This study employed a combination of questionnaire surveys and interviews, selecting 360 nurses from the ICU departments of 12 tertiary hospitals nationwide, with 348 valid responses collected, yielding an effective response rate of 96.7%. The results indicated that over 70% of nurses perceived mechanical ventilation care as challenging, especially regarding parameter settings, complication prevention, and patient communication; approximately 60% of nurses expressed the need for more professional training, particularly in the application of new technologies and psychological support. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the mastery of nursing skills among nurses with varying levels of experience, with senior nurses focusing more on comprehensive care while junior nurses concentrated on basic operations. Based on these findings, this study proposes establishing standardized nursing procedures, enhancing continuing education, and improving psychological support systems to enhance nursing quality and patient satisfaction. This research systematically addresses the practical difficulties faced by ICU nurses in mechanical ventilation care and offers targeted improvement measures, providing valuable references for clinical practice.
Keywords：Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome；Mechanical Ventilation Nursing；Icu Nurse；Nursing Quality；Standardized Nursing Process
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 急性呼吸窘迫综合征概述 2
1.1 疾病特征与临床表现 2
1.2 机械通气的必要性 2
1.3 护理工作的重要性 3
第二章 ICU护士机械通气护理现状 5
2.1 护理流程与规范 5
2.2 护理技能掌握情况 5
2.3 护理工作中面临的问题 6
第三章 机械通气护理质量评估 7
3.1 患者生理指标监测 7
3.2 并发症预防措施 7
3.3 护理效果评价标准 8
第四章 提升机械通气护理水平策略 9
4.1 专业培训与教育 9
4.2 团队协作机制建设 9
4.3 护理管理模式优化 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
