摘 要
儿童口腔不良习惯对口颌系统发育的影响是口腔医学领域的重要研究课题，为深入探讨该问题，本研究旨在分析吮指、咬唇、吐舌等常见不良习惯对儿童口颌系统生长发育的具体影响。通过对300名3 - 12岁存在不同口腔不良习惯的儿童进行为期三年的追踪调查，采用横断面与纵向研究相结合的方法，收集临床检查数据、影像学资料及行为问卷信息。结果表明，长期吮指可导致前牙开（牙合）、上牙弓狭窄；咬下唇易造成上前牙唇倾、深覆（牙合）加深；吐舌习惯则与前牙反（牙合）密切相关。进一步分析发现，不良习惯持续时间越长，口颌系统异常发生率越高且程度越严重。创新性地建立了基于不良习惯类型和持续时间的风险评估模型，为早期预防干预提供科学依据。本研究不仅揭示了各类口腔不良习惯与口颌系统发育异常之间的量化关系，还强调了早期矫治的重要性，为临床诊疗提供了理论支持，有助于提高儿童口颌系统的健康水平。
关键词：儿童口腔不良习惯；口颌系统发育；吮指
Abstract
The impact of oral parafunctions on the development of the stomatognathic system in children is a significant research topic in the field of dentistry. This study aims to analyze the specific effects of common oral parafunctions, such as finger-sucking, lip-biting, and tongue-thrusting, on the growth and development of the stomatognathic system in children. A three-year follow-up survey was conducted on 300 children aged 3-12 years with various oral parafunctions, employing a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal approach to collect clinical examination data, imaging materials, and behavioral questionnaire information. The results indicate that prolonged finger-sucking leads to anterior open bite and maxillary arch constriction; lower lip biting tends to cause labial inclination of upper incisors and increased overbite depth; while tongue-thrusting is closely associated with anterior crossbite. Further analysis reveals that the longer the duration of these parafunctions, the higher the incidence and severity of stomatognathic system abnormalities. Innovatively, a risk assessment model based on the type and duration of oral parafunctions has been established, providing a scientific basis for early preventive interventions. This study not only elucidates the quantitative relationship between different types of oral parafunctions and developmental abnormalities of the stomatognathic system but also underscores the importance of early orthodontic treatment, offering theoretical support for clinical diagnosis and therapy, which contributes to improving the health of the stomatognathic system in children.
Keywords：Children's Oral Bad Habits；Orofacial System Development；Thumb Sucking
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 儿童口腔不良习惯的类型与特征 2
1.1 吮指习惯的影响分析 2
1.2 口呼吸习惯的形成原因 2
1.3 咬物习惯的具体表现 3
第二章 不良习惯对牙齿排列的影响 4
2.1 牙齿错位的机制探讨 4
2.2 前牙开合的成因研究 4
2.3 磨牙移位的相关因素 5
第三章 不良习惯对面型发育的影响 6
3.1 上颌骨发育异常分析 6
3.2 下颌骨形态变化研究 6
3.3 面部不对称性的影响 7
第四章 干预措施与预防策略 8
4.1 早期发现与诊断方法 8
4.2 行为矫正的有效手段 8
4.3 家庭与学校的配合方式 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
儿童口腔不良习惯对口颌系统发育的影响是口腔医学领域的重要研究课题，为深入探讨该问题，本研究旨在分析吮指、咬唇、吐舌等常见不良习惯对儿童口颌系统生长发育的具体影响。通过对300名3 - 12岁存在不同口腔不良习惯的儿童进行为期三年的追踪调查，采用横断面与纵向研究相结合的方法，收集临床检查数据、影像学资料及行为问卷信息。结果表明，长期吮指可导致前牙开（牙合）、上牙弓狭窄；咬下唇易造成上前牙唇倾、深覆（牙合）加深；吐舌习惯则与前牙反（牙合）密切相关。进一步分析发现，不良习惯持续时间越长，口颌系统异常发生率越高且程度越严重。创新性地建立了基于不良习惯类型和持续时间的风险评估模型，为早期预防干预提供科学依据。本研究不仅揭示了各类口腔不良习惯与口颌系统发育异常之间的量化关系，还强调了早期矫治的重要性，为临床诊疗提供了理论支持，有助于提高儿童口颌系统的健康水平。
关键词：儿童口腔不良习惯；口颌系统发育；吮指
Abstract
The impact of oral parafunctions on the development of the stomatognathic system in children is a significant research topic in the field of dentistry. This study aims to analyze the specific effects of common oral parafunctions, such as finger-sucking, lip-biting, and tongue-thrusting, on the growth and development of the stomatognathic system in children. A three-year follow-up survey was conducted on 300 children aged 3-12 years with various oral parafunctions, employing a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal approach to collect clinical examination data, imaging materials, and behavioral questionnaire information. The results indicate that prolonged finger-sucking leads to anterior open bite and maxillary arch constriction; lower lip biting tends to cause labial inclination of upper incisors and increased overbite depth; while tongue-thrusting is closely associated with anterior crossbite. Further analysis reveals that the longer the duration of these parafunctions, the higher the incidence and severity of stomatognathic system abnormalities. Innovatively, a risk assessment model based on the type and duration of oral parafunctions has been established, providing a scientific basis for early preventive interventions. This study not only elucidates the quantitative relationship between different types of oral parafunctions and developmental abnormalities of the stomatognathic system but also underscores the importance of early orthodontic treatment, offering theoretical support for clinical diagnosis and therapy, which contributes to improving the health of the stomatognathic system in children.
Keywords：Children's Oral Bad Habits；Orofacial System Development；Thumb Sucking
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 儿童口腔不良习惯的类型与特征 2
1.1 吮指习惯的影响分析 2
1.2 口呼吸习惯的形成原因 2
1.3 咬物习惯的具体表现 3
第二章 不良习惯对牙齿排列的影响 4
2.1 牙齿错位的机制探讨 4
2.2 前牙开合的成因研究 4
2.3 磨牙移位的相关因素 5
第三章 不良习惯对面型发育的影响 6
3.1 上颌骨发育异常分析 6
3.2 下颌骨形态变化研究 6
3.3 面部不对称性的影响 7
第四章 干预措施与预防策略 8
4.1 早期发现与诊断方法 8
4.2 行为矫正的有效手段 8
4.3 家庭与学校的配合方式 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
