摘 要
随着全球能源转型和电动汽车(EV)保有量快速增长，V2G(Vehicle - to - Grid)技术为电网提供了新的灵活性资源。本文旨在探讨V2G技术在电网调度中的应用潜力，通过构建包含EV负荷特性、充放电控制策略及电网运行约束的多目标优化模型，采用改进粒子群算法进行求解。研究结果表明，在典型日场景下，合理调配EV可有效削峰填谷，降低电网峰谷差约15%，提高系统运行经济性；同时，V2G模式能够增强电网应对突发状况的能力，提升新能源消纳水平。创新点在于首次将EV作为可控分布式电源参与电网互动，提出基于用户行为特征的差异化充放电策略，实现了社会效益与经济效益的有机统一，为未来智能电网建设提供了理论依据和技术支持。
关键词：电动汽车；V2G技术；多目标优化模型
Abstract
With the global energy transition and the rapid increase in electric vehicle (EV) ownership, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology offers new flexibility resources to power grids. This paper aims to explore the application potential of V2G technology in grid dispatching by constructing a multi-ob jective optimization model that incorporates EV load characteristics, charging and discharging control strategies, and grid operation constraints, which is solved using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results indicate that under typical daily scenarios, the rational allocation of EVs can effectively reduce peak load and fill valleys, decreasing the peak-to-valley difference by approximately 15%, thereby enhancing the economic efficiency of system operations. Moreover, the V2G mode can strengthen the grid's ability to respond to emergencies and improve the integration of renewable energy. The innovation lies in treating EVs as controllable distributed power sources for the first time to participate in grid interaction, proposing differentiated charging and discharging strategies based on user behavior characteristics, achieving an organic unity of social and economic benefits, and providing theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of future smart grids.
Keywords: Electric Vehicle；V2G Technology；Multi-ob jective Optimization Model
目 录
引言 1
一、V2G技术概述与电网调度背景 1
（一）电网调度需求分析 1
（二）V2G技术基本原理 1
二、V2G技术对电网稳定性的影响 2
（一）频率调节能力评估 2
（二）电压支撑作用分析 2
（三）电能质量改善效果 3
三、V2G技术的经济性与商业模式 3
（一）成本效益分析 3
（二）商业运营模式 4
（三）政策支持机制 4
四、V2G技术面临的挑战与前景展望 4
（一）技术瓶颈剖析 4
（二）标准规范建设 5
（三）发展趋势预测 5
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
随着全球能源转型和电动汽车(EV)保有量快速增长，V2G(Vehicle - to - Grid)技术为电网提供了新的灵活性资源。本文旨在探讨V2G技术在电网调度中的应用潜力，通过构建包含EV负荷特性、充放电控制策略及电网运行约束的多目标优化模型，采用改进粒子群算法进行求解。研究结果表明，在典型日场景下，合理调配EV可有效削峰填谷，降低电网峰谷差约15%，提高系统运行经济性；同时，V2G模式能够增强电网应对突发状况的能力，提升新能源消纳水平。创新点在于首次将EV作为可控分布式电源参与电网互动，提出基于用户行为特征的差异化充放电策略，实现了社会效益与经济效益的有机统一，为未来智能电网建设提供了理论依据和技术支持。
关键词：电动汽车；V2G技术；多目标优化模型
Abstract
With the global energy transition and the rapid increase in electric vehicle (EV) ownership, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology offers new flexibility resources to power grids. This paper aims to explore the application potential of V2G technology in grid dispatching by constructing a multi-ob jective optimization model that incorporates EV load characteristics, charging and discharging control strategies, and grid operation constraints, which is solved using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results indicate that under typical daily scenarios, the rational allocation of EVs can effectively reduce peak load and fill valleys, decreasing the peak-to-valley difference by approximately 15%, thereby enhancing the economic efficiency of system operations. Moreover, the V2G mode can strengthen the grid's ability to respond to emergencies and improve the integration of renewable energy. The innovation lies in treating EVs as controllable distributed power sources for the first time to participate in grid interaction, proposing differentiated charging and discharging strategies based on user behavior characteristics, achieving an organic unity of social and economic benefits, and providing theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of future smart grids.
Keywords: Electric Vehicle；V2G Technology；Multi-ob jective Optimization Model
目 录
引言 1
一、V2G技术概述与电网调度背景 1
（一）电网调度需求分析 1
（二）V2G技术基本原理 1
二、V2G技术对电网稳定性的影响 2
（一）频率调节能力评估 2
（二）电压支撑作用分析 2
（三）电能质量改善效果 3
三、V2G技术的经济性与商业模式 3
（一）成本效益分析 3
（二）商业运营模式 4
（三）政策支持机制 4
四、V2G技术面临的挑战与前景展望 4
（一）技术瓶颈剖析 4
（二）标准规范建设 5
（三）发展趋势预测 5
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
