摘要
随着软件系统复杂度的不断提高，传统测试方法难以全面保障软件质量，形式化方法作为一种严谨的数学手段，在软件验证与测试中展现出独特优势。本文旨在探讨形式化方法在该领域的应用，以提升软件系统的可靠性、安全性和可维护性为目的。通过对现有形式化验证技术如模型检测、定理证明等进行深入分析，并结合实际案例研究，提出了一种集成化的形式化验证框架，该框架能够有效融合多种验证技术的优势，实现对软件系统的多层次、多角度验证。研究结果表明，基于此框架的验证过程不仅提高了缺陷检测率，还显著减少了验证时间。创新点在于首次将特定领域知识与形式化方法相结合，构建了适用于不同应用场景的参数化验证模型，为解决复杂软件系统的验证难题提供了新思路。此外，通过引入机器学习算法优化验证过程中的状态空间搜索策略，进一步提升了验证效率。本研究的主要贡献在于为软件验证与测试提供了一套系统化的理论基础和技术支持，推动了形式化方法在实际软件开发中的广泛应用，对于提高软件产品质量具有重要意义。
关键词：形式化方法；软件验证；模型检测；定理证明；参数化验证模型
Abstract
As the complexity of software systems continues to increase, traditional testing methods struggle to comprehensively ensure software quality. Formal methods, as rigorous mathematical approaches, have demonstrated unique advantages in software verification and testing. This paper aims to explore the application of formal methods in this field with the ob jective of enhancing the reliability, security, and maintainability of software systems. Through an in-depth analysis of existing formal verification techniques such as model checking and theorem proving, combined with case studies, an integrated formal verification fr amework is proposed. This fr amework effectively integrates the strengths of various verification technologies, enabling multi-level and multi-dimensional verification of software systems. The research findings indicate that the verification process based on this fr amework not only increases the defect detection rate but also significantly reduces verification time. An innovation lies in the first-time integration of domain-specific knowledge with formal methods, constructing parameterized verification models suitable for different application scenarios, thereby providing new solutions for addressing complex software system verification challenges. Furthermore, by incorporating machine learning algorithms to optimize state space search strategies during the verification process, verification efficiency has been further improved. The primary contribution of this study is to provide a systematic theoretical foundation and technical support for software verification and testing, promoting the widespread application of formal methods in practical software development, which is of great significance for improving software product quality.
Keywords：Formal Methods; Software Verification; Model Checking; Theorem Proving; Parameterized Verification Model
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
二、形式化方法的理论基础 2
(一) 形式化方法的基本概念 2
(二) 形式化验证的核心技术 2
(三) 形式化测试的主要手段 3
三、形式化方法在软件验证中的应用 4
(一) 验证需求的形式化描述 4
(二) 模型检测的应用实践 4
(三) 定理证明的实施路径 5
四、形式化方法在软件测试中的应用 6
(一) 测试用例生成的形式化策略 6
(二) 测试过程的自动化实现 6
(三) 测试结果的形式化评估 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
