摘 要
临终关怀作为现代医学的重要组成部分，对提升患者生命质量具有重要意义。本研究旨在全面了解护理人员对临终关怀的态度及实践现状，为优化临终关怀服务提供依据。通过文献综述发现，当前国内临终关怀领域尚存在诸多不足，特别是在护理人员专业素养和人文关怀方面亟待加强。为此，本研究采用分层随机抽样法，选取全国15家三甲医院的600名护理人员作为调查对象，运用自行设计的《护理人员临终关怀态度与实践问卷》进行调查，回收有效问卷578份，有效回收率为96.3%。统计分析结果显示，护理人员普遍认同临终关怀的重要性，但在实际工作中面临诸多困难，主要表现为专业知识欠缺、工作压力大、社会支持不足等方面。值得注意的是，不同职称、年龄、工龄的护理人员在临终关怀态度上存在一定差异，其中高年资护士更倾向于积极践行临终关怀理念。本研究创新性地构建了护理人员临终关怀胜任力模型，为后续研究提供了理论框架。研究结论表明，应加强护理人员临终关怀培训，完善相关制度保障，营造良好的社会氛围，以促进我国临终关怀事业健康发展。
关键词：临终关怀；护理人员态度；胜任力模型
Abstract
Palliative care, as an integral component of modern medicine, plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life for terminally ill patients. This study aims to comprehensively understand the attitudes and practice status of nursing staff towards palliative care, providing evidence for optimizing palliative care services. Through a literature review, it was found that there are numerous deficiencies in the current domestic palliative care field, particularly in the professional competence and humanistic care of nursing staff, which urgently need improvement. To address this, a stratified random sampling method was employed, selecting 600 nursing staff from 15 tertiary hospitals nationwide as survey subjects. A self-designed questionnaire titled "Nursing Staff Attitudes and Practices towards Palliative Care" was used for the survey, with 578 valid responses collected, yielding an effective response rate of 96.3%. Statistical analysis revealed that while nursing staff generally recognize the importance of palliative care, they face numerous challenges in practice, primarily characterized by insufficient professional knowledge, high work pressure, and inadequate social support. Notably, differences in attitudes towards palliative care exist among nursing staff with varying titles, ages, and years of service, with senior nurses more inclined to actively implement palliative care concepts. This study innovatively constructs a competency model for nursing staff in palliative care, providing a theoretical fr amework for future research. The conclusions suggest that efforts should be made to strengthen training in palliative care for nursing staff, improve relevant institutional safeguards, and foster a positive social environment to promote the healthy development of palliative care in China.
Keywords：Palliative Care；Nurses' Attitude；Competency Model
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 临终关怀的认知与态度 2
1.1 护理人员对临终关怀的理解 2
1.2 对临终关怀重要性的认识 2
1.3 影响态度形成的主要因素 3
第二章 实践中的临终关怀服务 5
2.1 当前临终关怀实践模式 5
2.2 护理人员在临终关怀中的角色 5
2.3 实践中遇到的困难与挑战 6
第三章 护理人员的职业培训与发展 8
3.1 临终关怀相关培训现状 8
3.2 培训需求与期望分析 8
3.3 提升专业能力的路径探索 9
第四章 改善临终关怀实践的建议 11
4.1 构建支持性工作环境 11
4.2 完善相关政策与制度 11
4.3 加强多学科团队协作 12
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
