摘要
民事侵权责任归责原则作为民法体系中的核心内容，在维护社会秩序、保障公民权益方面发挥着不可替代的作用。随着社会经济快速发展，传统归责原则面临诸多挑战，如新型侵权形态不断涌现、网络环境下的侵权行为复杂化等，亟需对现行归责原则进行深入研究与完善。本研究旨在探讨我国民事侵权责任归责原则的适用现状及存在问题，并提出针对性改进建议。通过文献分析、案例研究和比较法研究相结合的方法，系统梳理了过错责任原则、无过错责任原则以及公平责任原则在我国司法实践中的具体运用情况，发现当前存在归责标准模糊、举证责任分配不合理等问题。研究结果表明，应构建多元化的归责体系，明确不同类型侵权行为的归责依据，优化举证责任分配机制，强化预防性赔偿制度。创新之处在于引入风险分配理论，从利益平衡视角出发重新审视归责原则，为解决新兴领域侵权纠纷提供理论支持，同时建议立法层面进一步细化和完善相关法律规定，以适应社会发展需求，实现法律效果与社会效果的有机统一。
关键词：民事侵权责任归责原则；归责体系多元化；举证责任分配
Abstract
The principle of civil tort liability, as a core component of the civil law system, plays an indispensable role in maintaining social order and protecting citizens' rights. With the rapid development of the social economy, traditional principles of attribution face numerous challenges, such as the emergence of new forms of torts and the complexity of tortious acts in the online environment, which urgently require in-depth research and improvement of current attribution principles. This study aims to examine the application status and existing problems of civil tort liability attribution principles in China and proposes targeted improvement suggestions. By integrating literature analysis, case studies, and comparative legal research, this paper systematically reviews the specific application of fault-based liability, strict liability, and equitable liability principles in Chinese judicial practice, identifying issues such as ambiguous standards for attribution and unreasonable distribution of the burden of proof. The findings indicate that a diversified attribution system should be established, clarifying the bases for attributing different types of tortious acts, optimizing the mechanism for distributing the burden of proof, and strengthening preventive compensation systems. An innovative aspect of this research is the introduction of risk allocation theory, re-examining attribution principles from the perspective of interest balance to provide theoretical support for resolving tort disputes in emerging fields. It also recommends further detailing and improving relevant legal provisions at the legislative level to meet societal development needs and achieve an organic unity of legal and social effects.
Keywords：Principle Of Civil Tort Liability; Diversification Of Attribution System; Allocation Of Burden Of Proof
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法阐述 2
二、民事侵权责任归责原则的理论基础 2
(一) 归责原则的基本概念 2
(二) 过错责任原则分析 3
(三) 无过错责任原则探讨 3
(四) 公平责任原则研究 4
三、民事侵权责任归责原则的适用现状 5
(一) 司法实践中的适用情况 5
(二) 不同领域适用特点 5
(三) 归责原则冲突现象 6
(四) 适用中存在的问题 7
四、民事侵权责任归责原则完善的路径 7
(一) 完善立法体系构建 7
(二) 明确归责原则界限 8
(三) 引入新型归责考量 8
(四) 提升司法适用能力 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
民事侵权责任归责原则作为民法体系中的核心内容，在维护社会秩序、保障公民权益方面发挥着不可替代的作用。随着社会经济快速发展，传统归责原则面临诸多挑战，如新型侵权形态不断涌现、网络环境下的侵权行为复杂化等，亟需对现行归责原则进行深入研究与完善。本研究旨在探讨我国民事侵权责任归责原则的适用现状及存在问题，并提出针对性改进建议。通过文献分析、案例研究和比较法研究相结合的方法，系统梳理了过错责任原则、无过错责任原则以及公平责任原则在我国司法实践中的具体运用情况，发现当前存在归责标准模糊、举证责任分配不合理等问题。研究结果表明，应构建多元化的归责体系，明确不同类型侵权行为的归责依据，优化举证责任分配机制，强化预防性赔偿制度。创新之处在于引入风险分配理论，从利益平衡视角出发重新审视归责原则，为解决新兴领域侵权纠纷提供理论支持，同时建议立法层面进一步细化和完善相关法律规定，以适应社会发展需求，实现法律效果与社会效果的有机统一。
关键词：民事侵权责任归责原则；归责体系多元化；举证责任分配
Abstract
The principle of civil tort liability, as a core component of the civil law system, plays an indispensable role in maintaining social order and protecting citizens' rights. With the rapid development of the social economy, traditional principles of attribution face numerous challenges, such as the emergence of new forms of torts and the complexity of tortious acts in the online environment, which urgently require in-depth research and improvement of current attribution principles. This study aims to examine the application status and existing problems of civil tort liability attribution principles in China and proposes targeted improvement suggestions. By integrating literature analysis, case studies, and comparative legal research, this paper systematically reviews the specific application of fault-based liability, strict liability, and equitable liability principles in Chinese judicial practice, identifying issues such as ambiguous standards for attribution and unreasonable distribution of the burden of proof. The findings indicate that a diversified attribution system should be established, clarifying the bases for attributing different types of tortious acts, optimizing the mechanism for distributing the burden of proof, and strengthening preventive compensation systems. An innovative aspect of this research is the introduction of risk allocation theory, re-examining attribution principles from the perspective of interest balance to provide theoretical support for resolving tort disputes in emerging fields. It also recommends further detailing and improving relevant legal provisions at the legislative level to meet societal development needs and achieve an organic unity of legal and social effects.
Keywords：Principle Of Civil Tort Liability; Diversification Of Attribution System; Allocation Of Burden Of Proof
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法阐述 2
二、民事侵权责任归责原则的理论基础 2
(一) 归责原则的基本概念 2
(二) 过错责任原则分析 3
(三) 无过错责任原则探讨 3
(四) 公平责任原则研究 4
三、民事侵权责任归责原则的适用现状 5
(一) 司法实践中的适用情况 5
(二) 不同领域适用特点 5
(三) 归责原则冲突现象 6
(四) 适用中存在的问题 7
四、民事侵权责任归责原则完善的路径 7
(一) 完善立法体系构建 7
(二) 明确归责原则界限 8
(三) 引入新型归责考量 8
(四) 提升司法适用能力 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
