光合作用关键酶的结构与功能进化分析 -生物技术专业

摘要

光合作用是地球上生命得以维持的重要过程，其关键酶Rubisco在碳固定中起核心作用。然而，Rubisco的低效性一直是光合作用效率提升的瓶颈。本研究旨在通过结构生物学与进化生物学相结合的方法，探讨Rubisco在不同物种中的结构特征及其功能进化机制。通过对多种植物、藻类和细菌的Rubisco晶体结构进行分析，结合系统发育树构建与分子动力学模拟，揭示了Rubisco活性位点的进化路径及其与环境适应性的关系。研究发现，Rubisco的催化效率与其结构中的氨基酸残基分布密切相关，特别是在高温和低CO2浓度环境下，某些物种的Rubisco通过特定的氨基酸替换显著提高了其催化活性。本研究不仅深化了对Rubisco结构与功能关系的理解，还为农业生产中的光合作用优化提供了重要的科学指导。

关键词：光合作用；Rubisco；结构生物学；进化生物学

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVOLUTION ANALYSIS OF KEY ENZYMES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS

ABSTRACT

Photosynthesis is an important process for sustaining life on Earth, and its key enzyme Rubisco plays a central role in carbon fixation. However, the inefficiency of Rubisco has been a bottleneck for improving the efficiency of photosynthesis. This study aims to explore the structural characteristics and functional evolution mechanism of Rubisco in different species by combining structural biology with evolutionary biology. By analyzing the crystal structure of Rubisco in many plants, algae and bacteria, combined with phylogenetic tree construction and molecular dynamics simulation, the evolutionary path of Rubisco active site and its relationship with environmental adaptability were revealed. It was found that the catalytic efficiency of Rubisco was closely related to the distribution of amino acid residues in its structure, especially in the environment of high temperature and low CO2 concentration, and the catalytic activity of Rubisco of some species was significantly improved through specific amino acid substitution. This study not only deepened the understanding of the relationship between structure and function of Rubisco, but also provided important scientific guidance for the optimization of photosynthesis in agricultural production.

KEY WORDS：Photosynthesis; Rubisco; Structural Biology; Evolutionary Biology

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 光合作用关键酶的结构与功能进化研究现状 2

第2章光合作用关键酶的结构进化分析 4

2.1 光合作用关键酶的分子结构特征 4

2.2 不同物种中光合作用关键酶的结构差异 4

2.3 结构进化对功能的影响机制 5

第3章光合作用关键酶的功能进化分析 6

3.1 光合作用关键酶在不同环境下的功能适应性 6