血液透析患者护理存在的问题及防控对策研究
本文围绕血液透析及其护理展开深入探讨。首先概述了血液透析的定义、特点及目的，明确了血液透析作为一种重要的医疗手段，在清除体内代谢产物、纠正电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱、替代肾脏部分功能等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。随后，文章着重强调了血液透析护理的重要性，指出良好的护理能够保障治疗安全，提高治疗效果，并有助于患者的康复。然而，在实际护理过程中，血液透析患者护理存在诸多问题，如护理操作不规范、无菌观念欠缺、设备使用不当、并发症处理不当以及忽视心理护理等，这些问题不仅影响了治疗效果，还可能给患者带来额外的痛苦和风险，本文提出了血液透析患者护理问题的防控对策。首先，应制定详细的操作指南，规范护理人员的操作流程；其次，要严格无菌操作规范，加强设备操作培训，确保护理过程中的无菌环境和设备使用的正确性；同时，制定并发症处理流程，及时发现并处理可能出现的并发症；此外，还应建立心理护理机制，关注患者的心理状态，提供必要的心理支持；最后，根据患者的具体情况，制定个性化的干预计划，以全面提高护理效果。
关键词：血液透析；护理问题；防控对策
Abstract
This paper focuses on hemodialysis and its nursing care. First of all, the definition, characteristics and purpose of hemodialysis are summarized, and it is clear that hemodialysis, as an important medical means, plays an irreplaceable role in removing me tabolites in the body, correcting electrolyte and acid and base balance disorders, and replacing some functions of the kidney. Subsequently, the article emphasized the importance of hemodialysis care, pointing out that good care can ensure the safety of treatment, improve the effectiveness of treatment, and contribute to the recovery of patients. However, in the process of actual nursing, there are many problems in hemodialysis patients nursing, such as nursing operation, sterile concept, improper use of equipment, improper complications and neglect psychological care, etc., these problems not only affect the treatment effect, but also may bring additional pain and risk to patients, this paper puts forward the prevention and control of hemodialysis patients nursing countermeasures. Firstly, detailed operation guidelines should be formulated to standardize the operation process of nursing staff; secondly, aseptic operation norms should be strictly enforced, equipment operation training should be strengthened to ensure the aseptic environment and the correctness of the use of nursing equipment; meanwhile, the complication treatment process should be formulated to ensure that the possible complications should be found and handled in time; in addition, a psychological nursing mechanism should be established to pay attention to the psychological state of patients and provide necessary psychological support; finally, personalized intervention plan should be formulated according to the specific situation of patients to comprehensively improve the nursing effect.
Keyword：Hemodialysis; nursing problems; prevention and control countermeasures
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
1.3 国内外研究现状 2
第2章 血液透析相关概述 3
2.1 血液透析的定义 3
2.2 血液透析的特点 3
2.2.1 局限性 3
2.2.2 广泛性 4
2.3 血液透析的目的 4
第3章 血液透析护理的重要性 5
3.1 保障治疗安全 5
3.2 提高治疗效果 5
3.3 促进患者康复 5
第4章 血液透析患者护理存在的问题分析 7
4.1 护理操作不规范 7
4.1.1 无菌观念欠缺 7
4.1.2 设备使用不当 7
4.2 并发症处理不当 7
4.3 忽视心理护理 8
4.4 缺乏有效干预措施 8
第5章 血液透析患者护理问题的防控对策 10
5.1 制定详细操作指南 10
5.1.1 严格无菌操作规范 10
5.1.2 设备操作培训 10
5.2 制定并发症处理流程 11
5.3 建立心理护理机制 11
5.4 制定个性化干预计划 11
结 论 13
参考文献 14
