我国商业银行不良贷款管理的问题与对策
摘要
随着我国经济进入高质量发展阶段，金融体系的稳定性和效率成为推动经济增长的关键因素。商业银行作为金融市场的核心组成部分，其资产质量直接影响到金融体系的稳健运行。近年来，受国内外经济环境复杂多变、市场竞争加剧以及部分行业经营困难等多重因素影响，我国商业银行不良贷款问题日益凸显。不良贷款的增加不仅侵蚀了银行利润，削弱了其资本充足率，还可能引发连锁反应，危及整个金融体系的稳定。因此，本文旨在探讨我国商业银行不良贷款管理的现状、存在的问题及改善对策。首先，分析了当前不良贷款管理面临的风险识别与评估机制不完善、处置效率低下、内部控制与风险管理薄弱以及外部环境支持不足等核心问题。随后，从完善风险识别与评估机制、提高不良贷款处置效率、强化内部控制与风险管理以及优化外部环境支持四个方面提出了具体的改善对策。通过引入先进的信用评级技术、拓宽资产处置渠道、培育全面风险管理文化等措施，以期为我国商业银行不良贷款管理提供科学有效的解决方案。本文的研究不仅有助于提升商业银行的风险管理水平，也对维护金融稳定和促进经济健康发展具有重要的实践价值。
关键词：商业银行；不良贷款管理；风险管理；处置效率
Abstract
As China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development, the stability and efficiency of the financial system have become the key factor to promote economic growth. As the core part of the financial market, the asset quality of commercial banks directly affects the sound operation of the financial system. In recent years, due to multiple factors such as the complex and changeable economic environment at home and abroad, intensified market competition and operating difficulties in some industries, the problem of non-performing loans of China's commercial banks has become increasingly prominent. The increase in bad loans has not only eroded banks' profits and weakened their capital adequacy ratios, but could also trigger a chain reaction that could endanger the stability of the entire financial system. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the current situation, existing problems and improvement countermeasures of the non-performing loan management of commercial banks in China. First of all, it analyzes the core problems such as imperfect risk identification and evaluation mechanism, low disposal efficiency, weak internal control and risk management, and insufficient external environment support. Subsequently, the specific improvement countermeasures are put forward from four aspects: improving the risk identification and evaluation mechanism, improving the disposal efficiency of non-performing loans, strengthening the internal control and risk management, and optimizing the external environment support. By introducing advanced credit rating technology, broadening asset disposal channels and cultivating comprehensive risk management culture, it is expected to provide scientific and effective solutions for the non-performing loan management of commercial banks in China. The research in this paper not only helps to improve the risk management level of commercial banks, but also has important practical value for maintaining financial stability and promoting the healthy economic development.
Key words: commercial bank; non-performing loan management; risk management; disposal efficiency
目录
摘要 1
Abstract 2
一、 绪论 4
1.1 研究背景和意义 4
1.2 国内外研究现状 4
二、相关理论概述 4
2.1 商业银行不良贷款的定义 4
2.2 商业银行不良贷款的分类 4
三、我国商业银行不良贷款管理的问题分析 5
3.1 风险识别与评估机制不完善 5
3.2 不良贷款处置效率低下 5
3.3 内部控制与风险管理薄弱 6
3.4 外部环境支持不足 6
四、改善我国商业银行不良贷款管理的对策 7
4.1 完善风险识别与评估机制 7
4.1.1 建立科学的风险预警系统 7
4.1.2 引入先进的信用评级技术 8
4.2 提高不良贷款处置效率 8
4.2.1 拓宽资产处置渠道 8
4.2.2 简化法律程序，加快处置速度 8
4.3 强化内部控制与风险管理 9
4.3.1 培育全面风险管理文化 9
4.3.2 完善内控体系，提升执行力 9
4.4 优化外部环境支持 10
4.4.1 加强法律法规建设，明确各方责任 10
4.4.2 建立健全市场约束机制，增强透明度 10
五、结论 11
参考文献 12
摘要
随着我国经济进入高质量发展阶段，金融体系的稳定性和效率成为推动经济增长的关键因素。商业银行作为金融市场的核心组成部分，其资产质量直接影响到金融体系的稳健运行。近年来，受国内外经济环境复杂多变、市场竞争加剧以及部分行业经营困难等多重因素影响，我国商业银行不良贷款问题日益凸显。不良贷款的增加不仅侵蚀了银行利润，削弱了其资本充足率，还可能引发连锁反应，危及整个金融体系的稳定。因此，本文旨在探讨我国商业银行不良贷款管理的现状、存在的问题及改善对策。首先，分析了当前不良贷款管理面临的风险识别与评估机制不完善、处置效率低下、内部控制与风险管理薄弱以及外部环境支持不足等核心问题。随后，从完善风险识别与评估机制、提高不良贷款处置效率、强化内部控制与风险管理以及优化外部环境支持四个方面提出了具体的改善对策。通过引入先进的信用评级技术、拓宽资产处置渠道、培育全面风险管理文化等措施，以期为我国商业银行不良贷款管理提供科学有效的解决方案。本文的研究不仅有助于提升商业银行的风险管理水平，也对维护金融稳定和促进经济健康发展具有重要的实践价值。
关键词：商业银行；不良贷款管理；风险管理；处置效率
Abstract
As China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development, the stability and efficiency of the financial system have become the key factor to promote economic growth. As the core part of the financial market, the asset quality of commercial banks directly affects the sound operation of the financial system. In recent years, due to multiple factors such as the complex and changeable economic environment at home and abroad, intensified market competition and operating difficulties in some industries, the problem of non-performing loans of China's commercial banks has become increasingly prominent. The increase in bad loans has not only eroded banks' profits and weakened their capital adequacy ratios, but could also trigger a chain reaction that could endanger the stability of the entire financial system. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the current situation, existing problems and improvement countermeasures of the non-performing loan management of commercial banks in China. First of all, it analyzes the core problems such as imperfect risk identification and evaluation mechanism, low disposal efficiency, weak internal control and risk management, and insufficient external environment support. Subsequently, the specific improvement countermeasures are put forward from four aspects: improving the risk identification and evaluation mechanism, improving the disposal efficiency of non-performing loans, strengthening the internal control and risk management, and optimizing the external environment support. By introducing advanced credit rating technology, broadening asset disposal channels and cultivating comprehensive risk management culture, it is expected to provide scientific and effective solutions for the non-performing loan management of commercial banks in China. The research in this paper not only helps to improve the risk management level of commercial banks, but also has important practical value for maintaining financial stability and promoting the healthy economic development.
Key words: commercial bank; non-performing loan management; risk management; disposal efficiency
目录
摘要 1
Abstract 2
一、 绪论 4
1.1 研究背景和意义 4
1.2 国内外研究现状 4
二、相关理论概述 4
2.1 商业银行不良贷款的定义 4
2.2 商业银行不良贷款的分类 4
三、我国商业银行不良贷款管理的问题分析 5
3.1 风险识别与评估机制不完善 5
3.2 不良贷款处置效率低下 5
3.3 内部控制与风险管理薄弱 6
3.4 外部环境支持不足 6
四、改善我国商业银行不良贷款管理的对策 7
4.1 完善风险识别与评估机制 7
4.1.1 建立科学的风险预警系统 7
4.1.2 引入先进的信用评级技术 8
4.2 提高不良贷款处置效率 8
4.2.1 拓宽资产处置渠道 8
4.2.2 简化法律程序，加快处置速度 8
4.3 强化内部控制与风险管理 9
4.3.1 培育全面风险管理文化 9
4.3.2 完善内控体系，提升执行力 9
4.4 优化外部环境支持 10
4.4.1 加强法律法规建设，明确各方责任 10
4.4.2 建立健全市场约束机制，增强透明度 10
五、结论 11
参考文献 12
