摘要
随着工业化与城市化进程的加速，环境污染与生态破坏问题日益严峻，对人类的生存与发展构成了严重威胁。环境保护已成为全球共识，而公益诉讼制度作为环境保护法律体系中的重要组成部分，其在推动环境法律执行、促进公众参与、弥补环境损害救济空白等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本文概述了公益诉讼基础理论、环境保护法基础理论以及公益诉讼在环境保护中的理论基础，为后续分析奠定坚实的理论基础。随后，文章深入分析了公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的三大作用：强化环境法律执行、促进公众参与环境保护、弥补环境损害救济空白。在此基础上，文章重点剖析了公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的四大实践问题：诉讼主体资格界定不清、证据收集与证明难度大、判决执行与监督不力、激励机制与资源保障不足。针对这些问题，文章提出了相应的对策，包括明确诉讼主体资格与扩大参与范围、优化证据收集与证明规则、强化判决执行与监督机制、完善激励机制与资源保障等。这些对策旨在完善公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的应用，提高环境治理效能，为构建生态文明社会贡献力量。
关键字：公益诉讼；环境保护；激励机制
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the problems of environmental pollution and ecological destruction are increasingly serious, which poses a serious threat to the survival and development of human beings. Environmental protection has become a global consensus, and the public interest litigation system, as an important part of the environmental protection legal system, plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the implementation of environmental laws, promoting public participation, and making up for the gap of environmental damage relief. This paper summarizes the basic theory of public interest litigation, the basic theory of environmental protection law and the theoretical basis of public interest litigation in environmental protection, which lays a solid theoretical foundation for the subsequent analysis. Subsequently, the article deeply analyzes the three functions of public interest litigation system in environmental protection: strengthening the implementation of environmental laws, promoting public participation in environmental protection, and making up for the gap of environmental damage relief. On this basis, the paper focuses on analyzing the four practical problems of public interest litigation system in environmental protection: the unclear qualification definition of litigation subject, the difficulty of evidence collection and proof, the ineffective execution and supervision of judgment, and the insufficient incentive mechanism and resource guarantee. In view of these problems, the paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, including clarifying the qualification of the litigation subject and expanding the scope of participation, optimizing the evidence collection and proof rules, strengthening the judgment execution and supervision mechanism, improving the incentive mechanism and resource guarantee, etc. These countermeasures aim to improve the application of public interest litigation system in environmental protection, improve the efficiency of environmental governance, and contribute to the construction of an ecological civilization society.
Key words: public interest litigation; environmental protection; incentive mechanism
目录
一、绪论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究目的和内容 2
二、相关理论概述 2
2.1 公益诉讼基础理论 2
2.2 环境保护法基础理论 3
2.3 公益诉讼在环境保护中的理论基础 3
三、公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的作用 3
3.1 强化环境法律执行 3
3.2 促进公众参与环境保护 4
3.3 弥补环境损害救济空白 4
四、公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的实践问题 4
4.1 诉讼主体资格界定不清 4
4.2 证据收集与证明难度大 5
4.3 判决执行与监督不力 5
4.4 激励机制与资源保障不足 5
五、公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的实践问题对策 6
5.1 明确诉讼主体资格与扩大参与范围 6
5.1.1 完善原告资格认定标准 6
5.1.2 鼓励多元主体参与 6
5.2 优化证据收集与证明规则 7
5.2.1 建立环境损害鉴定评估机制 7
5.2.2 简化因果关系证明程序 7
5.3 强化判决执行与监督机制 7
5.3.1 加强执行力度，确保判决落实 7
5.3.2 建立健全监督体系，保障执行效果 8
5.4 完善激励机制与资源保障 8
5.4.1 设立公益诉讼基金，减轻诉讼费用负担 8
5.4.2 加强专业人才培养与技术支撑 8
六、结论 9
参考文献 9
随着工业化与城市化进程的加速，环境污染与生态破坏问题日益严峻，对人类的生存与发展构成了严重威胁。环境保护已成为全球共识，而公益诉讼制度作为环境保护法律体系中的重要组成部分，其在推动环境法律执行、促进公众参与、弥补环境损害救济空白等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本文概述了公益诉讼基础理论、环境保护法基础理论以及公益诉讼在环境保护中的理论基础，为后续分析奠定坚实的理论基础。随后，文章深入分析了公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的三大作用：强化环境法律执行、促进公众参与环境保护、弥补环境损害救济空白。在此基础上，文章重点剖析了公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的四大实践问题：诉讼主体资格界定不清、证据收集与证明难度大、判决执行与监督不力、激励机制与资源保障不足。针对这些问题，文章提出了相应的对策，包括明确诉讼主体资格与扩大参与范围、优化证据收集与证明规则、强化判决执行与监督机制、完善激励机制与资源保障等。这些对策旨在完善公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的应用，提高环境治理效能，为构建生态文明社会贡献力量。
关键字：公益诉讼；环境保护；激励机制
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the problems of environmental pollution and ecological destruction are increasingly serious, which poses a serious threat to the survival and development of human beings. Environmental protection has become a global consensus, and the public interest litigation system, as an important part of the environmental protection legal system, plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the implementation of environmental laws, promoting public participation, and making up for the gap of environmental damage relief. This paper summarizes the basic theory of public interest litigation, the basic theory of environmental protection law and the theoretical basis of public interest litigation in environmental protection, which lays a solid theoretical foundation for the subsequent analysis. Subsequently, the article deeply analyzes the three functions of public interest litigation system in environmental protection: strengthening the implementation of environmental laws, promoting public participation in environmental protection, and making up for the gap of environmental damage relief. On this basis, the paper focuses on analyzing the four practical problems of public interest litigation system in environmental protection: the unclear qualification definition of litigation subject, the difficulty of evidence collection and proof, the ineffective execution and supervision of judgment, and the insufficient incentive mechanism and resource guarantee. In view of these problems, the paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, including clarifying the qualification of the litigation subject and expanding the scope of participation, optimizing the evidence collection and proof rules, strengthening the judgment execution and supervision mechanism, improving the incentive mechanism and resource guarantee, etc. These countermeasures aim to improve the application of public interest litigation system in environmental protection, improve the efficiency of environmental governance, and contribute to the construction of an ecological civilization society.
Key words: public interest litigation; environmental protection; incentive mechanism
目录
一、绪论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究目的和内容 2
二、相关理论概述 2
2.1 公益诉讼基础理论 2
2.2 环境保护法基础理论 3
2.3 公益诉讼在环境保护中的理论基础 3
三、公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的作用 3
3.1 强化环境法律执行 3
3.2 促进公众参与环境保护 4
3.3 弥补环境损害救济空白 4
四、公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的实践问题 4
4.1 诉讼主体资格界定不清 4
4.2 证据收集与证明难度大 5
4.3 判决执行与监督不力 5
4.4 激励机制与资源保障不足 5
五、公益诉讼制度在环境保护中的实践问题对策 6
5.1 明确诉讼主体资格与扩大参与范围 6
5.1.1 完善原告资格认定标准 6
5.1.2 鼓励多元主体参与 6
5.2 优化证据收集与证明规则 7
5.2.1 建立环境损害鉴定评估机制 7
5.2.2 简化因果关系证明程序 7
5.3 强化判决执行与监督机制 7
5.3.1 加强执行力度，确保判决落实 7
5.3.2 建立健全监督体系，保障执行效果 8
5.4 完善激励机制与资源保障 8
5.4.1 设立公益诉讼基金，减轻诉讼费用负担 8
5.4.2 加强专业人才培养与技术支撑 8
六、结论 9
参考文献 9
