零信任网络架构下的攻击检测与防御机制 -计算机科学与技术专业

摘要

在数字化时代，网络安全威胁不断演变升级，传统的边界安全防御策略已无法满足现代IT架构的安全需求。为此，本研究探讨了零信任网络架构的基本原理、关键技术及其在攻击检测与防御方面的应用。首先，本文概述了零信任模型的核心组件，包括身份认证与访问控制、微隔离与动态策略执行、加密通信与数据保护，并讨论了其部署实施策略，强调了逐步迁移、跨域集成和安全运维的重要性。接着，本文深入分析了在零信任网络架构下实施的三种主要攻击检测机制：基于行为的异常检测、流量分析与深度包检测、以及威胁情报融合与利用。这些机制共同作用于识别网络中的可疑活动和潜在威胁，通过实时监控与预警系统增强网络的防御能力。在防御机制构建方面，本文提出了基于风险的访问权限调整、最小权限原则的实施、多因素认证的加强，以及工作负载的自动发现与分类等策略。此外，还探讨了细粒度隔离策略的制定和隔离效果的评估与调整，旨在提高网络环境的整体安全性。通过分析成功防御实践案例，本文总结了在零信任网络架构下应对网络安全威胁的有效方法和经验教训。研究表明，零信任模型能够有效地强化安全防御，减少内部和外部的威胁，提高企业对网络攻击的检测与响应能力。

关键词：零信任；网络架构；攻击检测；网络安全

Attack detection and defense mechanism in zero-trust network architecture

英文姓名

Directive teacher:×××

Abstract：In the digital age, network security threats continue to evolve and upgrade, and traditional border security defense strategies can no longer meet the security requirements of modern IT architecture. Therefore, this paper discusses the basic principle, key technologies of zero-trust network architecture and its application in attack detection and defense. First, this paper summarizes the core components of the zero-trust model, including authentication and access control, microisolation and dynamic policy enforcement, encrypted communication and data protection, and discusses its deployment implementation strategy, emphasizing the importance of gradual migration, cross-domain integration, and secure operation and maintenance. Then, this paper deeply analyzes three main attack detection mechanisms implemented in zero-trust network architecture: behavior-based anomaly detection, traffic analysis and deep packet detection, and threat intelligence fusion and utilization. These mechanisms work together to identify suspicious activities and potential threats in the network, and enhance the defense capability of the network through real-time monitoring and early warning systems. In terms of defense mechanism construction, this paper puts forward some strategies, such as risk-based access permission adjustment, implementation of the principle of least permission, strengthening of multi-factor authentication, and automatic discovery and classification of workload. In addition, the formulation of fine-grained isolation strategy and the evaluation and adjustment of isolation effect are discussed to improve the overall security of network environment. Through the analysis of successful defense practice cases, this paper summarizes the effective methods and lessons to deal with network security threats under the zero-trust network architecture. The research shows that zero-trust model can effectively strengthen security defense, reduce internal and external threats, and improve enterprise's ability to detect and respond to network attacks.

Key words: Zero trust; Network architecture; Attack detection; Network security

1 引言 1

2 零信任网络架构基础 1

2.1 架构组成与关键技术 1

2.2 部署实施策略 2

3 攻击检测机制 2

3.1 基于行为的异常检测 2

3.2 流量分析与深度包检测 3

3.3 威胁情报融合与利用 3

4 零信任网络架构下的防御机制构建 4

4.1 基于风险的访问权限调整 4

4.2 最小权限原则实施 4