《狂人日记》中对传统礼教的现实主义解构

摘  要
本文旨在探讨鲁迅《狂人日记》中现实主义手法对传统礼教的解构。通过对现实主义文学理论框架的梳理，明确了现实主义文学的定义、特征及其在近代中国文学中的发展。在此基础上，分析了鲁迅的生平与思想轨迹，以及《狂人日记》的创作动机与发表后的社会反响。文章深入剖析了《狂人日记》中传统礼教的呈现方式，包括狂人的觉醒、心理变化及文本中的礼教符号与象征。进一步地，本文重点探讨了鲁迅如何运用现实主义手法，通过典型情节的构建、细节描写与心理剖析，以及对比与反讽的运用，对传统礼教进行了深刻的解构与批判。研究发现，《狂人日记》不仅展现了鲁迅对封建礼教的深刻洞察，也体现了其作为现实主义文学大师的卓越艺术成就，对后世文学与社会变革产生了深远影响。

关键词：《狂人日记》 传统礼教 现实主义


Abstract
This paper aims to explore the deconstruction of traditional ethics in Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman. By combing the theoretical fr amework of realistic literature, the definition and characteristics of realistic literature and its development in modern Chinese literature are clarified. On this basis, this paper analyzes Lu Xun's life and thought track, as well as the creative motivation of Diary of a Madman and the social response after its publication. The article deeply analyzes the presentation of traditional ethics in Diary of a Madman, including the awakening and psychological change of madman and the symbols and symbols of ethics in the text. Further, this paper focuses on how Lu Xun used realism, through the construction of typical plots, detailed desc ription and psychological analysis, and the use of comparison and irony, and made a profound deconstruction and criticism of the traditional ethics. The study shows that The Diary of a Madman not only shows Lu Xun's profound insight into the feudal ethics, but also reflects his outstanding artistic achievements as a master of realistic literature, which has had a profound influence on the literary and social changes in later generations.

Keywords: Diary of a Madman  traditional ethics  realism


目  录
一、引言 1
二、现实主义文学理论框架 1
（一）现实主义文学的定义 1
（二）现实主义文学的特征 1
（三）现实主义在近代中国文学中的发展 2
三、鲁迅与《狂人日记》的创作背景 2
（一）鲁迅的生平与思想轨迹 2
（二）《狂人日记》的创作动机 3
（三）作品发表后的社会反响 3
四、《狂人日记》中的传统礼教呈现 3
（一）狂人的觉醒 3
（二）狂人的心理变化 4
（三）文本中的礼教符号与象征 4
五、现实主义手法对传统礼教的解构 5
（一）典型情节的构建 5
（二）细节描写与心理剖析 5
（三）对比与反讽的运用 5
六、结论 6
致  谢 7
参考文献 8