摘 要：随着教育改革和社会对人才素质要求的提高，数学思维能力成为学生综合素质的重要指标，受到教育界的关注。因此，研究小学低年级学生数学思维能力的培养问题，探索有效策略，对促进学生全面发展和提升数学教学质量具有重要意义。本文分析了教学中存在的问题，并提出优化课程结构、融合批判性思维、多样化教学方法、引入启发式与探究式教学、提升教师专业素养和改进评价机制等对策。研究对提升小学低年级学生数学思维能力，推动数学教育改革具有实践指导意义。
关键词：小学低年级；数学思维能力；教学方法；评价机制
Problems and countermeasures in the cultivation of mathematical thinking ability of junior students in primary school
Xing Ming
(×× School, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455002)
Abstract：With the educational reform and the improvement of social requirements for the quality of talents, mathematical thinking ability has become an important indicator of students' comprehensive quality, which has attracted the attention of the educational circle. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the cultivation of mathematical thinking ability of junior students in lower primary schools and explore effective strategies to promote the comprehensive development of students and improve the quality of mathematics teaching. This paper analyzes the problems existing in teaching, and puts forward some countermeasures such as optimizing the curriculum structure, integrating critical thinking, diversified teaching methods, introducing heuristic and inquiry teaching, improving teachers' professional quality and improving the evaluation mechanism. The research has practical guiding significance for improving the mathematical thinking ability of lower primary school students and promoting the reform of mathematics education.
Key words：Junior primary school; mathematical thinking ability; teaching method and evaluation mechanism
目 录
摘要 1
Abstract 1
一、相关理论概述 3
（一）数学思维能力的定义 3
（二）儿童认知发展理论 3
二、数学思维能力培养中的问题 4
（一）课程内容与思维训练脱节 4
（二）教学方法单一 4
（三）教师专业素养不足 4
（四）评价机制不完善 5
三、数学思维能力培养中的对策 5
（一）优化课程结构 5
1. 增强系统性思维训练 5
2. 融合批判性思维元素 5
（二）多样化教学方法 6
1. 引入启发式与探究式教学 6
2. 减少机械训练，增加实践活动 6
（三）提升教师专业素养 7
1. 加强教师数学专业培训 7
2. 促进教师持续教育 7
（四）改进评价机制 7
1. 建立综合思维能力评估体系 7
2. 对齐教学目标与评价标准 8
四、结论 8
参考文献 9
