摘 要
随着全球气候变化的加剧，极端天气事件的增加对城市排水系统提出了新的挑战。本研究围绕城市排水系统如何适应气候变化这一问题展开深入分析。首先，通过文献回顾方法，梳理了当前国内外在城市排水系统设计、绿色基础设施应用以及政策制定等方面的现状和进展。随后，本研究详细阐述了城市排水系统的构成与功能，并从雨水收集与引导、污水处理与排放、防洪与减灾等方面进行了具体分类。针对气候变化的影响，本研究系统分析了全球气候变化趋势，特别是对城市降雨模式的影响，包括降雨量、频率、强度以及季节性分布的变化。进一步地，识别了由气候变化引起的城市排水系统面临的主要挑战，如极端天气事件增多导致的排水压力、现有排水设施设计标准的不适应性、城市热岛效应及社会经济活动对排水需求的影响等。通过对国内外实践案例的分析，本研究总结了城市排水系统对气候变化适应性策略的实践与启示，提出了包括排水系统升级、雨水收集利用、绿色基础设施建设、预警系统完善以及智能调度系统应用等优化策略。最后，根据研究结果，本研究提出了一系列针对性的建议，以增强城市排水系统在应对全球气候变化中的灵活性和鲁棒性。气候变化对城市排水系统提出了前所未有的挑战，而通过创新技术应用与政策调整，可以有效提升排水系统的适应能力，保障城市的安全与可持续发展。
关键词：气候变化；城市排水系统；适应性策略
Abstract
With the intensification of global climate change, the increase in extreme weather events poses new challenges to urban drainage systems. This study conducts in-depth analysis on how urban drainage systems can adapt to climate change. Firstly, through literature review, the current status and progress of urban drainage system design, green infrastructure application, and policy formulation at home and abroad were summarized. Subsequently, this study elaborated on the composition and functions of urban drainage systems, and classified them specifically from the aspects of rainwater collection and guidance, sewage treatment and discharge, flood control and disaster reduction. In response to the impact of climate change, this study systematically analyzed the global trend of climate change, particularly its impact on urban rainfall patterns, including changes in rainfall, frequency, intensity, and seasonal distribution. Furthermore, the main challenges faced by urban drainage systems due to climate change were identified, such as increased drainage pressure caused by extreme weather events, unsuitability of existing drainage facility design standards, urban heat island effect, and the impact of socio-economic activities on drainage demand. Through the analysis of practical cases at home and abroad, this study summarizes the practice and inspiration of urban drainage systems in adapting to climate change strategies, and proposes optimization strategies including drainage system upgrading, rainwater collection and utilization, green infrastructure construction, improvement of warning systems, and application of intelligent scheduling systems. Finally, based on the research findings, this study proposes a series of targeted recommendations to enhance the flexibility and robustness of urban drainage systems in response to global climate change. Climate change poses unprecedented challenges to urban drainage systems, and through innovative technology applications and policy adjustments, the adaptability of drainage systems can be effectively improved, ensuring the safety and sustainable development of cities.
Keywords: climate change; Urban drainage system; Adaptive strategy
目 录
一、绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究目的及方法 2
二、相关概念阐述 2
2.1 城市排水系统的构成 2
2.2 城市排水系统的功能 2
2.2.1 雨水收集与引导 2
2.2.2 污水处理与排放 3
2.2.3 防洪与减灾 3
2.3 气候变化适应性 3
三、气候变化对城市排水系统的影响 4
3.1 全球气候变化概述 4
3.2 气候变化对城市降雨模式的影响 4
3.2.1 降雨量的变化 4
3.2.2 降雨频率与强度的变动 5
3.2.3 季节性降雨模式的改变 5
3.2.4 降雨空间分布的不均 6
四、气候变化对城市排水系统的挑战 6
4.1 增加极端天气事件引发的排水压力 6
4.2 现有排水设施设计标准的滞后性 6
4.3 城市热岛效应与雨水处理的复杂性 7
4.4 社会经济活动对排水需求的改变 7
五、国内城市排水系统适应性实践案例分析 8
5.1 案例选择与分析 8
5.2 案例分析与启示 8
六、基于气候变化的城市排水系统优化策略 9
6.1 应对降雨量的变化 9
6.1.1 排水系统升级 9
6.1.2 雨水收集与利用 9
6.2 适应降雨频率与强度的变动 10
6.2.1 建设绿色基础设施 10
6.2.2 完善预警系统 10
6.3 调整季节性降雨模式的改变 10
6.3.1 智能调度系统 10
6.3.2 跨季节水量调配 11
6.4 解决降雨空间分布的不均 11
6.4.1 区域差异化设计 11
6.4.2 构建分布式排水系统 12
七、结论 12
参考文献 12
