摘 要
随着可再生能源的快速增长和电力市场的逐步开放，电力系统的频率控制与调节技术面临着前所未有的挑战。本文旨在全面分析电力系统的频率稳定性，探讨传统频率调节技术和新型频率调节技术的应用及其优缺点，并针对当前面临的挑战提出应对措施。首先，论文概述了电力系统频率控制的重要性，并回顾了国内外在频率控制技术方面的研究现状。接着深入分析了电力系统的频率特性，包括基本概念、动态变化及影响因素，并介绍了频率稳定性的评估方法。在传统频率调节技术方面，本文详细介绍了一次频率调节、二次频率调节和三次频率调节的原理和特点，指出了这些技术的优缺点，特别强调了其在调节精度上的局限性。在此基础上，本文探讨了虚拟同步机技术、需求响应管理、能量存储系统以及微网与分布式控制等新型频率调节技术，展示了它们在提高频率稳定性方面的潜力。最后，针对现代电力系统面临的挑战，如可再生能源的波动性、电力电子设备的渗透、区域间电力交易的增加以及需求侧管理的复杂化，提出了增强储能系统支撑、改进电力电子技术、加强区域间调度协调和发展智能需求响应技术等应对措施。通过综合分析和比较，本文旨在为电力系统的频率稳定控制提供理论指导和实践参考。
关键词：电力系统；频率控制；传统频率调节
Abstract
With the rapid growth of renewable energy and the gradual opening of the electricity market, the frequency control and regulation technology of the power system is facing unprecedented challenges. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the frequency stability of the power system, explore the application and advantages and disadvantages of traditional frequency regulation technology and new frequency regulation technology, and propose countermeasures for the current challenges. Firstly, the paper outlines the importance of frequency control in power systems and reviews the research status of frequency control technology both domestically and internationally. Then, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the frequency characteristics of the power system, including basic concepts, dynamic changes, and influencing factors, and an evaluation method for frequency stability was introduced. In terms of traditional frequency regulation technology, this article provides a detailed introduction to the principles and characteristics of primary frequency regulation, secondary frequency regulation, and tertiary frequency regulation, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, and emphasizing their limitations in regulation accuracy. On this basis, this article explores new frequency regulation technologies such as virtual synchronous machine technology, demand response management, energy storage systems, and microgrids and distributed control, demonstrating their potential in improving frequency stability. Finally, in response to the challenges faced by modern power systems, such as the volatility of renewable energy, the penetration of power electronic equipment, the increase in inter regional power trading, and the complexity of demand side management, measures have been proposed to enhance energy storage system support, improve power electronic technology, strengthen inter regional dispatch coordination, and develop intelligent demand response technology. Through comprehensive analysis and comparison, this article aims to provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for frequency stability control in power systems.
Keywords: power system; Frequency control; Traditional frequency regulation
目 录
一、绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究目的及方法 2
二、电力系统频率特性分析 2
2.1 电力系统频率的基本概念 2
2.2 频率的动态变化与影响因素 2
2.3 电力系统频率稳定性的评估方法 3
三、传统频率调节技术 3
3.1 一次频率调节 3
3.2 二次频率调节 4
3.3 三次频率调节 4
3.4 传统频率调节技术的优缺点 5
3.4.1 快速响应与稳定性 5
3.4.2 成熟的技术与广泛应用 5
3.4.3 调节精度有限 6
3.4.4 对电网基础设施的依赖 6
3.4.5 环境影响与经济成本 6
四、新型频率调节技术 7
4.1 虚拟同步机技术 7
4.1.1 增强型频率响应 7
4.1.2 可再生能源集成 7
4.2 需求响应管理 8
4.2.1 主动需求响应 8
4.2.2 智能控制系统 8
4.3 能量存储系统 9
4.3.1 快速调节能力 9
4.3.2 综合能源服务 9
4.4 微网与分布式控制 10
4.4.1 自主微网调控 10
4.4.2 分布式协同调节 10
五、频率控制与调节的挑战与应对措施 10
5.1 频率控制与调节的挑战 10
5.1.1 可再生能源的波动性与不确定性 10
5.1.2 电力电子设备的渗透 10
5.1.3 跨区域、跨国电力交易增加 11
5.1.4 需求侧管理的复杂化 11
5.2 应对频率控制与调节挑战的措施 11
5.2.1 增强储能系统的支撑作用 11
5.2.2 改进电力电子技术 12
5.2.3 加强区域间调度协调 12
5.2.4 发展智能需求响应技术 13
六、结论 13
参考文献 13
