摘 要
森林生态系统在全球碳循环和土壤肥力维持中具有重要作用，但不同森林类型对土壤肥力的影响机制尚不明确。本研究以典型针叶林、阔叶林和混交林为研究对象，通过长期定位监测与实验室分析相结合的方法，系统评估了三种森林类型的土壤有机质含量、养分元素分布及微生物群落结构特征。结果表明，阔叶林在提升土壤有机质和氮磷养分积累方面表现最优，而混交林则在调节土壤微生物多样性和促进养分循环方面更具优势。此外，针叶林因凋落物分解缓慢导致养分释放效率较低，限制了其对土壤肥力的贡献。基于研究结果，提出通过优化森林经营措施，如合理配置混交林比例、增加阔叶树种种植以及调控凋落物输入量等策略，实现森林土壤肥力的可持续管理。本研究首次揭示了不同森林类型对土壤肥力影响的差异性及其生态学机制，为制定科学合理的森林经营管理方案提供了理论依据和技术支持。
关键词：森林类型; 土壤肥力; 养分循环; 微生物群落; 经营管理措施
Abstract
Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in global carbon cycling and the maintenance of soil fertility, yet the mechanisms by which different forest types influence soil fertility remain unclear. This study investigated typical coniferous, broad-leaved, and mixed forests to systematically evaluate soil organic matter content, nutrient element distribution, and microbial community structure characteristics using a combination of long-term field monitoring and laboratory analysis. The results indicated that broad-leaved forests performed best in enhancing soil organic matter and accumulating nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, whereas mixed forests exhibited greater advantages in regulating soil microbial diversity and promoting nutrient cycling. Additionally, coniferous forests showed lower nutrient release efficiency due to slow litter decomposition, limiting their contribution to soil fertility. Based on these findings, this study proposes optimizing forest management practices, such as appropriately configuring the proportion of mixed forests, increasing the planting of broad-leaved tree species, and regulating litter input, to achieve sustainable soil fertility management. This research provides the first insights into the differential impacts and ecological mechanisms of various forest types on soil fertility, offering theoretical support and technical guidance for developing scientifically sound forest management strategies.
Key words:Forest Type; Soil Fertility; Nutrient Cycling; Microbial Community; Management Measures
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、森林类型与土壤肥力关系概述 2
1.1、森林类型的分类与特征 2
1.2、土壤肥力的主要影响因素 2
1.3、森林与土壤肥力的相互作用机制 2
第2章、不同森林类型对土壤肥力的影响分析 4
2.1、针叶林对土壤肥力的作用机制 4
2.2、阔叶林对土壤肥力的贡献研究 4
2.3、混交林对土壤肥力的综合影响 5
第3章、森林管理对土壤肥力的调控作用 6
3.1、合理采伐对土壤肥力的保护作用 6
3.2、森林抚育措施对土壤肥力的提升 6
3.3、人工造林对土壤肥力恢复的影响 7
第4章、可持续管理对策与实践路径 8
4.1、基于森林类型的差异化管理策略 8
4.2、土壤肥力监测体系的构建与应用 8
4.3、推动森林可持续管理的政策建议 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
